1. Deploying 40Gbps Wavelengths and Beyond  Brian Smith

2. Confidential Agenda  What are the future requirements of R&E networks ?  What are the options for upgrading capacity on R&E networks  Some cost comparisons.  Challenges of deploying 40Gb/s wavelengths over 10Gb/s Infrastructure  What about 100G+ ?

3. Confidential Requirements for Regional Optical Research Networks

4. Confidential Requirements  Transparency  Carry any service (Ethernet SONET, SAN) at wire speed from GigE to 10GigE and beyond.  Capacity Growth  Seamless and cost effective capacity growth which supports emerging 40G wavelength technologies.  Ability to add wavelengths at any supported data rate without affecting existing traffic.  Dynamic Light-path Control  Dynamic control plane (e.g UCLP, GMPLS)  Integration with IP/MPLS control plane for dynamic traffic engineering (e.g HOPI).  Client on-demand light paths.

5. Confidential Options for Future Capacity Growth

6. Confidential Capacity Growth in RONs  Continue to add 10G wavelengths in existing infrastructure.  Up to 320Gb/s capacity with 100GHz spaced DWDM.  Accelerates fiber exhaust  Upgrade to 50GHz 10Gbps system  Up to 640Gb/s capacity with 50GHz spaced DWDM.  Needs new terminal equipment.  Service disrupting  Cost effective in the longer term ????  Overlay 40Gb/s wavelengths in existing 10G infrastructure.  No service disruption  Expands system capacity – delays requirement to light new fiber.

7. Confidential Some Cost Comparisons

8. Confidential Assumptions  Fully dynamic ‘Any-to-Any’ wavelength optical network.  Optical ROADM using WSS technology available at 100GHz and 50GHz.  No penalty associated with cascaded ROADM  Add 40Gbps wavelengths after 75% capacity reached.

9. Confidential Continue to Add 10G Wavelengths

10. Confidential Upgrade to 50GHz 10Gb/s System

11. Confidential Overlay 40Gb/s Wavelengths in Existing 10Gb/s Infrastructure

12. Confidential Cost Comparison  Overlaying 40Gb/s wavelengths on an existing 10Gb/s infrastructure leads to lower cost per GigE in the long term.  Higher costs in 50GHz 10Gb/s option mainly due to:  Higher cost of 50GHz ROADM compared to 100GHz ROADM  Higher cost of wave-locked MSA transponders (compared to XFP based transponders).  Assuming that 40Gbp/s wavelengths can be supported over an existing 10Gb/s network, this is a bandwidth efficient and cost effective way of delaying the requirement to light a new fiber pair.

13. Confidential Wavelength Switching Trends 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Pass-through Channels Optical ROADM Electronic ROADM Optical ROADM Electronic ROADM 10G 2.5G Channel Rate What are the cost sweet spots today ?

14. Confidential Wavelength Switching Trends 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Pass-through Channels Optical ROADM Electronic ROADM Optical ROADM Electronic ROADM 40G 10G Channel Rate How will this change as 10G costs go down ?

15. Confidential 40Gb/s Challenges  Tolerance to Chromatic Dispersion (CD)  Tolerance to Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)  OSNR Tolerance  Spectral Width

16. Confidential Tolerance to Chromatic Dispersion – 40G  6 spans x 80km x 26dB SMF-28 : 32   NRZ modulation format, zero chirp, +FEC. +/- 50 ps/nm Equivalent to 3km SMF Dispersion variation with Temperature (+/- 40 deg)

17. Confidential Impact of Dispersion Tolerance at 40Gb/s  So what does this mean ?  40Gb/s wavelengths need to have adaptive dispersion compensators.  If you plan to deploy 40Gb/s in the future, consider measuring the net dispersion as accurately as possible  Using other modulation formats (such as Duo-binary) increases the dispersion tolerance window by 3-4 times.

18. Confidential PMD Tolerance  Some examples PROTOCOL Max PMD (1dB penalty) Average PMD GigE 22060 OC48 11530 10GigE 278 40G (NRZ) 7*2* * Other non binary modulation techniques can increase the PMD tolerance for 40Gb/s

19. Confidential PMD Tolerance  So what does this mean ?  Take the 6 spans x 80km SMF-28 example. Dark Fiber AgeAverage link DGD (ps) >19952 <199510  With older fiber, the 10GigE traffic will see PMD hits on traffic  With new fiber, the 40G traffic can be supported.  Performing a PMD measurement on your fiber plant will define whether 40Gb/s traffic can be supported or not !

20. Confidential OSNR Tolerance  OSNR required for 40Gb/s is larger than that for 10Gb/s for the same BER.  Reach for 40Gb/s reduced compared to 10Gb/s  CS-RZ modulation format and enhanced FEC coding on the 40Gb/s wavelengths reduces the mismatch in required OSNR.

21. Confidential Spectral Width  The modulation format used for 40Gb/s will determine the spectral width.  Wavelengths in a fully dynamic network will traverse a cascade of ROADM – Leading to filter pass-band narrowing.  The 40Gb/s modulation format chosen (NRZ, CZ-RZ Duo-binary) must be able to pass through the cascade without distortion.  For this reason, it is likely that the 40Gb/s in a dynamic network will use spectrally efficient modulation formats (Duo-binary, CS- RZ)

22. Confidential What about 100Gb/s + ?

23. Confidential 100Gb/s  Native 100Gb/s transmission is not likely in the near term  Electrical Mux and Demux very challenging at this rate  Availability of optical modulators with sufficient electrical bandwidth  Clock recovery at this rate is extremely difficult  If electro/optic components were available...  Spectral width ~ 150GHz so wouldn’t fit into a 100GHz pass-band ( 1 bit/symbol coding  Dispersion tolerance ~ ± 10ps/nm.  PMD tolerance < 1ps  OTDM techniques are only approaches currently being developed for ultra high speed transmission.

24. Confidential 100Gbps Duo-binary, QPSK Wave-locker 1b/s/Hz Too many bits/symbol required 40Gbps NRZ/CS-RZ/ Wave-locker 10G overlay  0.4b/s/Hz Duobinary Wave-locker 0.8b/s/Hz Too many bits/symbol required. No ROADM 1.6b/s/Hz 10Gbps No issue NRZ 0.1b/s/Hz Reduced reach Wave-locker NRZ 0.2b/s/Hz Reduced reach No ROADMs Wave-locker 0.4b/s/Hz 100GHz50GHz25GHz

25. Confidential Summary  R&E Regional Optical Networks will require Seamless Capacity Growth and Dynamic Light-path Control.  Deploying 40Gb/s wavelengths in existing 10G networks offers reductions in the cost per GigE as capacity grows.  10G switching will evolve towards Electronic ROADM as component costs continue to fall – Optical ROADM more cost effective for 40G traffic.  If 40Gb/s is to be added to 10Gb/s infrastructure  Need accurate measurements of Dispersion and PMD

26. Confidential Summary  40Gb/s modulation formats are available that  Improve the OSNR, CD and PMD tolerance  Allow transport through cascaded optical ROADM  The technology for 100Gb/s line rates is under development but not available.  OTDM is the current approach used for single channel ultra high speed transport

27. Confidential Thank You Dr Brian Smith brian.smith@meriton.com