1. Unit 1: Colonial America Fall 2013

2. Standards & Objective: Standard 1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflicts between regional and national interests in the development of democracy in the United States. Indicator 1.1: Summarize the distinct characteristics of each colonial region in the settlement and development of British North America, including religious, social, political and economic differences. OBJECTIVE: Describe the religious, social, political, and economic differences of the three colonial regions.

3. I. Map of the 13 Colonies  Use this map to fill in the blanks on your notes USHC 1.1

4. II.The three regions of Colonial America: A.New England: 1. Ex: Massachusetts B. Mid-Atlantic Colonies: 1. Ex: Pennsylvania C. Southern: 1. Ex: Virginia & South Carolina Colony – a settlement ruled by a distant parent country (England)

5. III.Characteristics of Colonial America: A.Religion: – 1. The importance of Religion in the Colonies: a. Although Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were founded for religious purposes, most other settlers came to the New World to get land to improve their economic and social standing. b. Religious intolerance in the colonial period was a prime factor in the establishment of the principle of separation of church and state after the American Revolution. USHC 1.1

6. 2.Religion in New England: a. The Pilgrims and Puritans migrated for religious freedom for themselves but not for religious freedom for other religious groups. b. The Puritans sought to create a “City on the Hill” that would be a community that England could look to as a model of godliness.

7. Religion in New England Continued… c. Intolerance: – i.There was very little religious tolerance in New England; they did not want their model community defiled by people with other religious beliefs – ii. Any dissenters would be forced out of the colony: 01.Ex: Roger Williams later began the Rhode Island colony. 02.Ex: Quakers were forced out and eventually moved to Pennsylvania. d.Religion would be the foundation for all of New England society. USHC 1.1

8. 3. Religion in the Mid-Atlantic colonies: a. There was more religious diversity and tolerance in the Mid-Atlantic colonies; however, it was also limited. b. Pennsylvania was founded by Quaker, William Penn. i. Quakers believed that everyone had an inner light and this belief fostered tolerance. USHC 1.1

9. 4.Religion in the Southern Colonies: a. The Act of Toleration (in Maryland only) i. Lord Baltimore promoted the Act in order to protect the rights of the Catholics in the colony. ii. Some say it shows religious tolerance, but some Puritans said it was intolerant of Puritanism. b.Anglican Dominance: i. Anglicanism (later the Episcopal Church) was dominant in the South. c.Generally speaking the Southern colonies were founded for economic reasons and religion did not play as large a role in their cultural development until the Great Awakening. USHC 1.1

10. Checking for Understanding 1.What were the three colonial regions? 2.What role did religion play in New England society? 3.Which colonial region was the most diverse? 4.What was the purpose of the Act of Toleration?

11. B.Society: 1.The Egalitarian Dream : a.Early migrants to New England and the mid- Atlantic colonies initially developed a somewhat egalitarian society based on religious equality that fostered the development of democratic political institutions. b.The dream was destroyed as economic prosperity developed and immigration increased, so did class distinctions.

12. 2.Society in New England: a.The Congregational (Puritan) church fostered the development of towns and educational institutions and shaped New England society. USHC 1.1

13. 3.Society in the Southern Colonies: – a. The English settlements in the South developed a hierarchical social structure early because of the plantation system and their dependence on indentured servants and later on slaves. i. The slave system was transplanted to the Carolinas from Barbados. Old slave market, downtown Charleston. USHC 1.1

14. Society in Southern Colonies continued… – b. The development of towns and schools was impeded by these large land holdings. – c. Although Georgia was initially chartered as a penal colony that outlawed slavery in order to promote a more egalitarian society, it soon became a plantation colony that allowed slavery. USHC 1.1

15. C.Politics of the Colonies: 1.The political development of the colonies was impacted by the political traditions of the mother country. – a. The Magna Carta – b. Parliamentary form of government – c. The English Civil War – d. Bill of Right USHC 1.1

16. 2. Colonial experiences and distance from the mother country fostered the development of democratic institutions: – a. Virginia’s House of Burgesses – b. New England Town Meetings – c. Please note that the dependence on slavery and the development of the plantation economy impacted the South’s less democratic political system in which the coastal planters had more political power than ordinary farmers.

17. 3.Salutary Neglect: – a. Civil war in England during the 1600s allowed the colonies to basically rule themselves. – b. This concept would undermine the authority of the king in the colonies and strengthened the role of colonial assemblies. USHC 1.1

18. 4.Colonial Assemblies: – a. Were democratically elected congresses meant to run the colony. – b. British subjects in the colonies were loyal to the Crown, but believed that only their colonial assemblies had the power to tax them based on the traditions of the Magna Carta and colonial experience. USHC 1.1

19. 5.Power of the Purse: – a. Colonial assemblies controlled the tax money collected in the colony. – b. Although most colonies were royal colonies by 1750, colonial assemblies used the power of the purse to control the impact of the royal governors.

20. Checking for Understanding 1.What two factors eventually led to the development of class differences in the colonies? 2.What main institution shaped New England society? 3.Why did the Southern colonies developed a hierarchical social structure early on? 4.What country influenced the political development of the colonies? 5.What was one factor that allowed the colonies to develop their own democratic institutions? What is one example of early colonial government? 6.What impact did salutary neglect have on the colonies? 7.Describe the relationship between royal governors and colonial assemblies?

21. D.Economics of the Colonies: 1.General: – a. The economic development of the English colonies in the New World depended on: i. Geographic location ii. Natural resources iii. Human capital – b. Major Ports: i. Boston ii. New York City iii. Philadelphia iv. Baltimore v. Charleston vi. All of these cities were important due to having sizable harbors) USHC 1.1

24. 4.Southern Economics: a.Cash Crops (Commercial Farming): i. Fertile Soil ii. Long Growing season b.Major Crops: i. Tobacco (most important in the colonial period) ii. Rice iii. Indigo iv. Cotton became an important part of the southern economy only after the invention of the cotton gin in 1793. USHC 1.1

25. 5.Trade Routes: – a. The three regions developed an interdependent network of coastal trade and trade with the British Caribbean as well as trade across the Atlantic with Africa and Europe. – b. This trade and consequent economic development was impacted by the mercantilist policies of the mother country. i.Mercantilism: – 01. Believed that colonies were there to serve the mother country. USHC 1.1

26. Checking for Understanding 1.What three factors determined a regions economy? 2.What was a major port city in New England, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies? 3.Why was New England not dependent on slave labor? 4.What were some major cash crops of the Southern colonies?