1. Alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Zz Yy
upper- & lower-case, y is consonant & vowel

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Letter Frequency
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letter = consensus order; letter (other color) = order varies by source
Letter
% of 100
Proportion:1 E
12.702%
171.65 M
2.406%
32.51 T
9.056%
122.38 W
2.360%
31.89 A
8.167%
110.36 F
2.228%
30.11 O
7.507%
101.45 G
2.015%
27.23 I
6.966%
94.14 Y
1.974%
26.68 N
6.749%
91.20 P
1.929%
26.07 S
6.327%
85.50 B
1.492%
20.16 H
6.094%
82.35 V
0.978%
13.22 R
5.987%
80.91 K
0.772%
10.43 D
4.253%
57.47 J
0.153%
2.07 L
4.025%
54.39 X
0.150%
2.03 C
2.782%
37.59 Q
0.095%
1.28 U
2.758%
37.27 Z
0.074% 1
tell Students to copy down ETAOINSHR in that order as 9 most common English letters (2/3 of letters we use in English)
Sources ~
; ; ;

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Vowels
Letter LONG SHORT Aa (ay) ~ bait (ay) bat (ah) Ee (ee) ~ beat (ee) bet (eh) {}_e (silent) Ii (i) ~ bite (i) bit (ih) Oo (oh) ~ boot (oo) bolt (oh) Uu (yoo) ~ brute (oo) but (uh) Yy (wi) ~ byte (i/ie) booyah (yuh)
explain silent E

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Consonants
Bb (bee, buh), Pp (pee, puh) Rr (ahr, ruh) Cc (cee), Kk (kay), Qq (kyoo, kuh) Ss (ehs, suh) Dd (dee, duh) Tt (tee, tuh) Ff (ehf, fuh) Vv (vee, vuh) Gg (gee, guh) Ww (double-yoo, wuh) Hh (aych, huh) Xx (ehks, ks) Jj (jay, juh) Yy (wi, yuh) Ll (ehl, luh) Zz (zee, zuh) Mm (ehm, muh), Nn (ehn, nuh)
alphabet song

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Letter Combos
Word Endings Word Beginnings -es/-s (makes plural) th- (teeth on tongue) -er, -est (for nouns & adj’s) sh- (teeth close, kiss) -ed/-t (for verbs, past tense) ch- (teeth close, then far) -ly (for verbs, makes adv) ph- (“fuh” sound) -ce (“sss” sound) _l-, _r-, s_- (letter) -s/-tion (“shun” sound, sch- (“sss’kuh” sound) makes verbs nouns) -acht/-aught (“awt” sound)
-ing on Hand-Out