1. Simulation of the Dynamics of Surface Water-Groundwater Interactions in a Coastal Environment During a 25-Year/72- Hour Storm by SWIM20 Meeting (2008) Naples, Florida William C. Hutchings David L. Tarbox

2. Purpose 1.Obtain an Environmental Resources Permit that includes an evaluation of the potential effects of the 25-year/72-hour storm event. Requirements 1. Evaluate potential effects of surface storm water management on surface water/groundwater flow; 2. Evaluate the potential effects of buoyancy of drainage well discharge on surface water/ groundwater in the vicinity. Model SEAWAT 2000

3. Model Characteristics 6785 m (East-West) 5270 m (North-South) 81 columns and 76 rows Variable grid (200 m to <50 m) and thickness 17 Layers Variable top elevation Vertical extent approximately 3 to -55 NGVD

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6. Site Hydrogeology The Site is underlain by the following formations in ascending order –Pamlico Sand –Miami Limestone –Key Largo Limestone –Anastasia Formation –Tamiami Formation Approximate Location of Site From Fish & Stewart, 1991 WRI Report 90-4108 S N Range of Hydraulic Conductivity in Feet Per Day (ft/day) Blue ≥ 1000 ft/day Gray 100-1000 ft/day Green 10-100 ft/day Yellow ≤ 0.1 ft/day

7. Pamlico Sand Miami Oolite Anastasia Ls Fence Diagram of Upper Biscayne Aquifer Note: LS to –50 ft NGVD North Part South Part

8. (North Part of Fence Diagram) Pamlico Sand Miami Oolite Anastasia Ls Fence Diagram of Upper Biscayne Aquifer

9. (South Part of Fence Diagram) Pamlico Sand Miami Oolite Anastasia Ls

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12. Model Input Parameters Cont. Tracer tests conducted in four zones from water table to approximately –50 ft NGVD with Rhodamine WT Specific capacity tests conducted in several drainage wells.

13. General Characteristics of Biscayne Bay Generally a saline water body Receives discharge of freshwater from the Biscayne aquifer West part of Biscayne Bay exhibits less salinity than seawater due to the discharge of freshwater from Biscayne aquifer C.D. Langevin 2001 From WRI Report 00-4251

14. Pre-Development Site Plan Ibis Lake Southeast Lake Various Additional Lakes Location of Tracer Tests

15. 0 Interval 2 represents Miami Oolite

16. 0 Interval 3 represents Anastasia Fm

17. 0 Interval 4 represents Anastasia Fm

18. 0 Interval 1 represents Pamlico Sand

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25. Summary of Hydraulic Parameters Cont.

26. Methodology Used for Simulating 25-Year 72-Hour Storm Event Obtained results from Interconnected Channel-Pond Routing Model (ICPR) or HydroCAD stormwater models including: 1.Lake stage elevations for pre and post-development simulations; 2.Discharge rates for drainage wells; 3.Discretize model with respect to time to represent hydrographs

27. Pre-Development Ibis and Southeast Lake Hydrographs

28. Post-Development Ibis and Southeast Lake Hydrographs

29. Post-Development Well Hydrographs Note: Representative set of wells

30. Pre-Development Initial Hydraulic Heads in layer 2 Ibis Lake Southeast Lake

31. Pre-Development Hydraulic Heads in Layer 2 at 72 Hours Ibis Lake Southeast Lake

32. Steady State Distribution of TDS through North Part of Site (Ibis Lake) 03500 2.7 -55 Distance in meters (m)Note: Elevation in m NGVD Lake WE Landward Flow

33. Pre-Development Distribution of TDS through North Part of Site (Ibis Lake) at 72-hours During Storm Event Site Lake WE 0 m 3500 m -55 2.7 Note: Elevations in m NGVDDistance in m Seaward Flow Site Landward Flow

34. Pre-Development Hydraulic Heads in Layer 2 at 41 Days

35. Post-Development Site Plan Post- development lakes Ibis Lake Southeast Lake

36. Location of Drainage Wells Screened in the Lower Biscayne Aquifer Drainage wells

37. Post-Development Hydraulic Heads in Layer 2 at 72 Hours ( Design Stage )

38. 03500 2.7 -55 Distance in meters (m)Note: Elevation in m NGVD Lake WE Distribution of TDS through North Part of Site (Ibis Lake) at 72-hours During Storm Event (Design Stage) Note Vertical upward flow induced by lake Drainage Well Landward Flow Seaward Flow

39. 03500 2.7 -55 Distance in meters (m)Note: Elevation in m NGVD Lake WE Distribution of TDS through North Part of Site (Ibis Lake) at 72-hours During Storm Event (Maximum Stage) Note downward vertical flow induced by lake Drainage Well Landward Flow Seaward Flow

40. Distribution of TDS in Lower Biscayne Aquifer (Layer 17) at 72 Hours 34 g/l General seaward flow (reversed) caused by discharge to drainage wells Landward flow consistent with pre-development conditions 0.5 g/l

41. Post-Development Hydraulic Heads (Maximum Stage) at 12 days Ibis Lake Southeast Lake

42. Post-Development Hydraulic Heads in Layer 2 at 41 Days

43. Post-Development Variation in TDS Beneath Ibis Lake in Layers 4 & 7 at 72 Hours (Design Stage)

44. Post-Development Variation in TDS Beneath Ibis Lake in Layers 4 & 7 at 72 Hours (Maximum Stage)

45. Conclusions 1.Shallow groundwater flow is affected less when storm water is routed to drainage wells; 2.Storm water discharge to lakes results in strong downward vertical flow promoting solute transport; 3.Buoyancy of drainage well discharge may lessen downward solute transport; 4. Deep groundwater flow is temporarily reversed (seaward) beneath the study area due to storm water discharge to lakes and drainage wells. 5. Storm water discharge to drainage wells decreases loss to ET from surface waters. 6. Discharge of storm water to drainage wells along the coast may be a viable control for seawater intrusion.

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