1. Nuclear Physics

2. The Nucleus: Back to Rutherford Rutherford

3. the nucleus Atomic number Atomic mass Notation A X Z e.g. 55 Fe 26 A=55, Z=26, N=29

4. All Stable Nuclei are composed of a. protons and electrons. b. protons and neutrons. c. neutrons and electrons. d. only protons. e. only neutrons.

5. Isotopes and Isobars Isotopes – different number of neutrons –Carbon comes in types –Carbon-12 (Z=6,A=12,N=6) –Carbon-14 (Z=6, A=14, N=8) Isobars – different elements, same A –e.g. Carbon-14 (Z=6,A=14,N=8) (radioactive) Nitrogen-14 (Z=7,A=14,N=7) (stable) Oxygen-14 (Z=8,A=14,N=6) (radioactive)

6. Nuclear Binding

7. Strong Force (Quantum Chromodynamics)

8. Units of mass Mass –kg –MeV/c 2 Using E=mc 2 –Amu (or u) 1/12 m( 12 C) includes electron 1u=931.49 MeV/c 2 = 1.6605x10 -27 kg

9. Binding Energy E=mc 2 m atom H

10. The charge on the neutron is a. the same as the charge of the proton. b. zero. c. half the proton charge. d. proportional to the square of the nuclear radius. e. twice the proton charge.

11. the curve of binding energy

12. Binding energy is negative (but written as a positive quantity) most stable

13. Fission Fig 45-2a, p.1482

14. The chain reaction Fig 45-3, p.1483

15. Chain reaction chainreaction

16. Fig 45-4, p.1484

17. Devastation

19. controlling it Fig 45-6, p.1486

20. Fig 45-5, p.1485

21. Fig 45-CO, p.1479

22. Fig 45-14, p.1494 Fusion and power

23. Squeeze it Fig 45-10a, p.1491 Princeton Plasma Physics Lab

24. Fig 45-11, p.1492 ITER

25. blow it up Fig 45-12, p.1493 National Ignition Facility (NIF) Livermore

26. Why neutrons spacers and glue Nuclear binding

27. Valley of stability

28. 15. How does the rest energy of a nucleus compare to the sum of the rest energies of the individual nucleons when apart from the nucleus? a. It is greater than the sum. b. It is less than the sum. c. It is equal to the sum. d. It is in the ratio of 1:1.25. e. It is in the ratio of 1:1.1.