2. List the five levels of a biome from smallest to largest in the correct order. 1

3. Answer: Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome 2

4. What is the primary source of energy for 99% of organisms on Earth 3

5. Answer: The sun 4

6. List two reasons why producers are important to an ecosystem ( HINT: what do they provide for the ecosystem ) 5

7. Answer: Energy & oxygen 6

8. How do heterotrophs get the energy they need to survive? 7

9. Answer: They consume/eat other organisms either producers or other consumers 8

10. What happens to the energy available for organisms as it flows up the trophic levels? 9

11. Answer: It decreases. It is used and given off as heat so not available for the next level consumer. 10

12. What is the formula for calculating population density? 11

13. What is the formula for calculating population density? Answer: # of individuals / Area or volume they occupy Always remember labels & units!!! 12

14. What are the three types of population dispersion patterns? 13

15. Answer: Clumped, Uniform, & Random What are the three types of population dispersion patterns? 14

16. What survivorship curve is shown by insects who are invertebrates having many offspring per birth event, but give no parental aftercare leaving few offspring to survive to reproductive maturity? 15

17. What survivorship curve is shown by insects who are invertebrates having many offspring per birth event, but give no parental aftercare leaving few offspring to survive to reproductive maturity? Answer: Type III 16

18. Predators who hunt cooperatively and prey that live together for protection exhibit what type of dispersion pattern? 17

19. Predators who hunt cooperatively and prey that live together for protection exhibit what type of dispersion pattern? Answer: Clumped 18

20. Calculate the population density for 150 nesting penguins on a 50 square meter area of Antarctica, and state what dispersion pattern they would exhibit. 19

21. Calculate the population density for 150 nesting penguins on a 50 square meter area of Antarctica, and state what dispersion pattern they would exhibit. Answer: 3 penguins per square meter or 3 penguins / m 2 in a uniform pattern. 20

22. What type of curve is displayed below? 21

23. What type of curve is displayed below? Answer: Exponential 22

24. What type of growth is this population exhibiting and what is represented by the dashed line? 23

25. Answer: Logistic Growth and carrying capacity What type of growth is this population exhibiting and what is represented by the dashed line? 24

26. Under what conditions will a population exhibit: A)Exponential growth B)Logistic growth 25

27. Under what conditions will a population exhibit: A)Exponential growth B)Logistic growth Answer: A)Unlimited resources & no natural predators B) Limited resources 26

28. What does this nation’s graph say about The birth Rate of this Country? 27

29. What does this nation’s graph say about The birth Rate of this Country? Answer: Very low resulting in negative growth 28

30. What is the term that describes the rapid decrease in the predator population indicated at the arrow and what caused the decline? 29

31. What is the term that describes the rapid decrease in the predator population indicated at the arrow and what caused the decline? Answer: Population crash Caused by overshooting the carrying capacity prey Population amount 30

32. What is the definition of carrying capacity? 31

33. What is the definition of carrying capacity? Answer: Maximum number of individuals of a particular species that the environment can normally and consistently support. 32

34. What is a limiting factor and what are the two categories of limiting factors? 33

35. What is a limiting factor and what are the two categories of limiting factors? Answer: A factor that has the greatest effect on keeping the size of a population down. Density dependent & density independent 34

36. What are the four key factors that affect the growth of a population and how does each affect the population? (increase or decrease) 35

37. What are the four key factors that affect the growth of a population? Answer: Births - increase Deaths - decrease Immigration - increase Emigration - decrease 36

38. Give two examples of density dependent limiting factors. 37

39. Give two examples of density dependent limiting factors. Answer: Will vary, may include; food/availability of prey, shelter/space, diseases 38

40. Give two examples of density independent limiting factors. 39

41. Answer: Will vary, may include; any kind of natural disaster, human urbanization, pollution. 40 Give two examples of density independent limiting factors.

42. Give two examples of current renewable resources. 41

43. Give two examples of current renewable resources. Answer: Will vary. May include sun, wind, water, trees, agricultural plants and animals. 42

44. Give two examples of current nonrenewable resources. 43

45. Give two examples of current nonrenewable resources. Answer: Will vary. May include oil, natural gas, coal, gasoline, uranium 44

46. People leaving their home country to find a better life in another country is an example of _____________ From their home country. 45

47. People leaving their home country to find a better life in another country is an example of _____________ From their home country. Answer: Emigration 46

48. What does this nation’s graph tell you about the country’s working population and economy? 47

49. Answer: small working population [ concave sides-high death rate )  unstable/poor economy What does this nation’s graph tell you about the country’s working population and economy? 48

50. List three significant reasons that have contributed to altering human’s carrying capacity and allowed for exponential growth of the human population since the early 1800s. 49

51. List three significant reasons that have contributed to altering human’s carrying capacity and allowed for exponential growth of the human population since the early 1800s. Answer: Any 3; Industrial revolution, transportation, agriculture, technology, sanitation & medical revolution 50