An Introduction to The Next Generation Science Standards NSTA National Conference San Antonio, Texas April 11-14, 2013.

An Introduction to The Next Generation Science Standards NSTA National Conference San Antonio, Texas April 11-14, 2013

Exploring the Science and Engineering Practices NSTA Area Conference Long Beach California December 5, 2014

3 Developing the Standards

About the National Academies Chartered by Congress Separate Academies dealing with Science, Engineering, and Medicine Honorary membership organization with over 6000 members Do not conduct independent research Serves as advisors producing independent recommendations and policy reports The National Research Council carries out most studies done by the Academies

About Achieve Created in 1996 by the nation's governors and corporate leaders, Achieve is an independent, bipartisan, non-profit education reform organization that helps states raise academic standards and graduation requirements, improve assessments and strengthen accountability. Achieve is involved in implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) effort and the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) Consortium.

About AAAS The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in Philadelphia in 1848 and it is the world's largest general science organization. Bridges gaps among scientists, policy-makers, and the public to advance science and science education. Authoritative source for information on the latest developments in science and publisher of the peer- reviewed journal Science In 1985, the AAAS launched Project 2061, a long- term effort to reform science, mathematics, and technology education for the 21 st century.

About NSTA The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), founded in 1944, is the largest organization in the world committed to promoting excellence and innovation in science teaching and learning for all. NSTA's current membership of 60,000 includes science teachers, science supervisors, administrators, scientists, business and industry representatives, and others involved in and committed to science education. NSTA holds five conferences every year, publishes four journals, and organizes numerous competitions for teachers and students. In addition the NSTA Learning Center provides a wealth of online resources for educators.

Instruction Curricula Assessments Pre-Service Education 2011-2013 July 2011 Developing the Standards Professional Learning

Developing the Standards July 2011

View free PDF form The National Academies Press at www.nap.edu Secure your own copy from www.nsta.org/store A Framework for K-12 Science Education

Science for All Americans, Benchmarks for Scientific Literacy and Atlas of Science Literacy National Science Education Standards 2009 NAEP Science Framework (National Assessment of Educational Progress) College Board Standards for College in Science NSTA’s Science Anchors project Resources for the Framework

How People Learn (2000) America’s Lab Report (2005) Taking Science to School (2007) Ready, Set, Science (2007) Learning Science in Informal Environments (2009 National Research Council Reports

Three-Dimensions: Scientific and Engineering Practices Crosscutting Concepts Disciplinary Core Ideas A Framework for K-12 Science Education

Handout about the Three Dimensions

Scientific and Engineering Practices 1.Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering) 2.Developing and using models 3.Planning and carrying out investigations 4.Analyzing and interpreting data 5.Using mathematics and computational thinking 6.Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering) 7.Engaging in argument from evidence 8.Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

1.Patterns 2.Cause and effect: Mechanism and explanation 3.Scale, proportion, and quantity 4.Systems and system models 5.Energy and matter: Flows, cycles, and conservation 6.Structure and function 7.Stability and change Crosscutting Concepts

Crosscutting Concept Groupings Systems Systems and System Models Scale, Proportion, and Quantity Stability and Change Energy and Matter: Flows, Cycles, and Conservation Structure and Function Causality Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Function Structure and Function Patterns

Life SciencePhysical Science LS1:From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS2: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics LS3:Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits LS4: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity PS1: Matter and Its Interactions PS2: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions PS3: Energy PS4: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer Earth & Space ScienceEngineering & Technology ESS1: Earth’s Place in the Universe ESS2: Earth’s Systems ESS3: Earth and Human Activity ETS1: Engineering Design ETS2: Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, and Society Disciplinary Core Ideas

What is a Disciplinary Core Idea (DCI)? 1.Significance: serves as a key organizing concept within the discipline 2.Broad explanatory power: can explain a wide variety of phenomena 3.Generative: a tool for understanding or investigating more complex ideas and solving problems 4.Relevant to peoples’ lives: engages students’ life experiences as well as societal or personal interests and concerns 5.Usable from K to 12: teachable and learnable across many grades at increasing depth and sophistication Adapted from Joe Krajcik’s Matter and Energy NSTA web seminar

What is a Disciplinary Core Idea (DCI)? Have broad importance across multiple sciences or engineering disciplines or be a key organizing principle of a single discipline. Provide a key tool for understanding or investigating more complex ideas and solving problems. Relate to the interests and life experiences of students or be connected to societal or personal concerns that require scientific or technological knowledge. Be teachable and learnable over multiple grades at increasing levels of depth and sophistication. That is, the idea can be made accessible to younger students but is broad enough to sustain continued investigation over years. Adapted from Page 31 of The Framework for K-12 Science Education

Life ScienceEarth & Space SciencePhysical ScienceEngineering & Technology LS1: From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS1.A:Structure and Function LS1.B:Growth and Development of Organisms LS1.C:Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms LS1.D:Information Processing LS2: Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics LS2.A:Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems LS2.B:Cycles of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems LS2.C:Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience LS2.D:Social Interactions and Group Behavior LS3: Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits LS3.A:Inheritance of Traits LS3.B:Variation of Traits LS4: Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity LS4.A:Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity LS4.B:Natural Selection LS4.C:Adaptation LS4.D:Biodiversity and Humans ESS1: Earth’s Place in the Universe ESS1.A:The Universe and Its Stars ESS1.B:Earth and the Solar System ESS1.C:The History of Planet Earth ESS2: Earth’s Systems ESS2.A:Earth Materials and Systems ESS2.B:Plate Tectonics and Large- Scale System Interactions ESS2.C:The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes ESS2.D:Weather and Climate ESS2.E:Biogeology ESS3: Earth and Human Activity ESS3.A:Natural Resources ESS3.B:Natural Hazards ESS3.C:Human Impacts on Earth Systems ESS3.D:Global Climate Change PS1: Matter and Its Interactions PS1.A:Structure and Properties of Matter PS1.B:Chemical Reactions PS1.C:Nuclear Processes PS2: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions PS2.A:Forces and Motion PS2.B:Types of Interactions PS2.C:Stability and Instability in Physical Systems PS3: Energy PS3.A:Definitions of Energy PS3.B:Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer PS3.C:Relationship Between Energy and Forces PS3.D:Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life PS4: Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer PS4.A:Wave Properties PS4.B:Electromagnetic Radiation PS4.C:Information Technologies and Instrumentation ETS1: Engineering Design ETS1.A:Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem ETS1.B:Developing Possible Solutions ETS1.C:Optimizing the Design Solution ETS2: Links Among Engineering, Technology, Science, and Society ETS2.A:Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology ETS2.B:Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World Note: In NGSS, the core ideas for Engineering, Technology, and the Application of Science are integrated with the Life Science, Earth & Space Science, and Physical Science core ideas Core and Component Ideas

Instruction Curricula Assessments Pre-Service Education 2011-2013 July 2011 Developing the Standards Professional Learning

2011-2013 Developing the Standards

NGSS Lead State Partners

NGSS Writers

Adoption of NGSS 26 Adopted NGSS Developed Their Own Standards Based on the Framework

Adoption of NGSS Over 30% of students in the US live in states that have adopted NGSS

Conceptual Shifts in NGSS 1.K-12 Science Education Should Reflect the Interconnected Nature of Science as it is Practiced and Experienced in the Real World. 2.The Next Generation Science Standards are student performance expectations – NOT curriculum. 3.The science concepts in the NGSS build coherently from K-12. 4.The NGSS Focus on Deeper Understanding of Content as well as Application of Content. 5.Science and Engineering are Integrated in the NGSS from K–12. 6.The NGSS are designed to prepare students for college, career, and citizenship. 7.The NGSS and Common Core State Standards (Mathematics and English Language Arts) are Aligned. 28

Changes to Science Education Science Education Will Involve LessScience Education Will Involve More Rote memorization of facts and terminologyFacts and terminology learned as needed while developing explanations and designing solutions supported by evidence based arguments and reasoning Learning of ideas disconnected from questions about phenomena Systems thinking and modeling to explain phenomena and to give a context for the ideas to be learned Teachers providing information to the whole class Students conducting investigations, solving problems, and engaging in discussions with teachers’ guidance Teachers posing questions with only one right answer Students discussing open-ended questions that focus on the strength of the evidence used to generate claims Students reading textbooks and answering questions at the end of the chapter Students reading multiple sources, including science-related magazines, journal articles, and web-based resources Students developing summaries of information Preplanned outcomes for “cookbook” laboratories or hands-on activities Multiple investigations driven by students’ questions with a range of possible outcomes that collectively lead to a deep understanding of established core scientific ideas WorksheetsStudents writing journals, reports, posters, media presentations that explain and argue Oversimplification of activities for students who are perceived to be less able to do science and engineering Providing supports so that all students can engage in sophisticated science and engineering practices

Appendices AConceptual Shifts BResponses to May Public Feedback CCollege and Career Readiness DAll Standards, All Students EDisciplinary Core Idea Progressions in the NGSS FScience and Engineering Practices in the NGSS GCrosscutting Concepts in the NGSS HNature of Science in the NGSS IEngineering Design in the NGSS JScience, Technology, Society, and the Environment KModel Course Mapping in Middle and High School LConnections to Common Core State Standards in Mathematics MConnections to Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts

Inside the Box

Inside the NGSS Box www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box What Is Assessed A collection of several performance expectations describing what students should be able to do at the end of instruction Foundation Box The practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts from the Framework for K-12 Science Education that were used to form the performance expectations Connection Box Places elsewhere in NGSS or in the Common Core State Standards that have connections to the performance expectations on this page Performance Expectations A statement that combines practices, core ideas, and crosscutting concepts together to describe how students can show what they have learned. Title The title for a set of performance expectations is not necessarily unique and may be reused at several different grade levels. Scientific & Engineering Practices Activities that scientists and engineers engage in to either understand the world or solve a problem Disciplinary Core Ideas Concepts in science and engineering that have broad importance within and across disciplines as well as relevance in people’s lives. Crosscutting Concepts Ideas, such as Patterns and Cause and Effect, which are not specific to any one discipline but cut across them all. Codes for Performance Expectations Every performance expectation has a unique code and items in the foundation box and connection box reference this code. In the connections to common core, italics indicate a potential connection rather than a required prerequisite connection. Assessment Boundary A statement that provides guidance about the scope of the performance expectation at a particular grade level. Clarification Statement A statement that supplies examples or additional clarification to the performance expectation. Connections to Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science These connections are drawn from the disciplinary core ideas for engineering, technology, and applications of science in the Framework. Connections to Nature of Science Connections are listed in either the practices or the crosscutting connections section of the foundation box. Engineering Connection (*) An asterisk indicates a performance expectation integrates traditional science content with engineering through a practice or core idea. www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box What Is Assessed A collection of several performance expectations describing what students should be able to do at the end of instruction Foundation Box The practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts from the Framework for K-12 Science Education that were used to form the performance expectations Connection Box Places elsewhere in NGSS or in the Common Core State Standards that have connections to the performance expectations on this page Title The title for a set of performance expectations is not necessarily unique and may be reused at several different grade levels. www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box What Is Assessed A collection of several performance expectations describing what students should be able to do at the end of instruction Performance Expectations A statement that combines practices, core ideas, and crosscutting concepts together to describe how students can show what they have learned. Assessment Boundary A statement that provides guidance about the scope of the performance expectation at a particular grade level. Clarification Statement A statement that supplies examples or additional clarification to the performance expectation. Engineering Connection (*) An asterisk indicates a performance expectation integrates traditional science content with engineering through a practice or core idea. www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box Foundation Box The practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts from the Framework for K-12 Science Education that were used to form the performance expectations Scientific & Engineering Practices Activities that scientists and engineers engage in to either understand the world or solve a problem Disciplinary Core Ideas Concepts in science and engineering that have broad importance within and across disciplines as well as relevance in people’s lives. Crosscutting Concepts Ideas, such as Patterns and Cause and Effect, which are not specific to any one discipline but cut across them all. Connections to Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science These connections are drawn from the disciplinary core ideas for engineering, technology, and applications of science in the Framework. Connections to Nature of Science Connections are listed in either the practices or the crosscutting connections section of the foundation box. www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box Connection Box Places elsewhere in NGSS or in the Common Core State Standards that have connections to the performance expectations on this page www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box Codes for Performance Expectations Every performance expectation has a unique code and items in the foundation box and connection box reference this code. In the connections to common core, italics indicate a potential connection rather than a required prerequisite connection. www.nsta.org/ngss

Inside the NGSS Box What Is Assessed A collection of several performance expectations describing what students should be able to do at the end of instruction Foundation Box The practices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts from the Framework for K-12 Science Education that were used to form the performance expectations Connection Box Places elsewhere in NGSS or in the Common Core State Standards that have connections to the performance expectations on this page Performance Expectations A statement that combines practices, core ideas, and crosscutting concepts together to describe how students can show what they have learned. Title The title for a set of performance expectations is not necessarily unique and may be reused at several different grade levels. Scientific & Engineering Practices Activities that scientists and engineers engage in to either understand the world or solve a problem Disciplinary Core Ideas Concepts in science and engineering that have broad importance within and across disciplines as well as relevance in people’s lives. Crosscutting Concepts Ideas, such as Patterns and Cause and Effect, which are not specific to any one discipline but cut across them all. Codes for Performance Expectations Every performance expectation has a unique code and items in the foundation box and connection box reference this code. In the connections to common core, italics indicate a potential connection rather than a required prerequisite connection. Assessment Boundary A statement that provides guidance about the scope of the performance expectation at a particular grade level. Clarification Statement A statement that supplies examples or additional clarification to the performance expectation. Connections to Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science These connections are drawn from the disciplinary core ideas for engineering, technology, and applications of science in the Framework. Connections to Nature of Science Connections are listed in either the practices or the crosscutting connections section of the foundation box. Engineering Connection (*) An asterisk indicates a performance expectation integrates traditional science content with engineering through a practice or core idea. www.nsta.org/ngss

Closer Look at NGSS

Closer Look at a NGSS (Grade 2) 41 2.PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: 2-PS1-1.Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. [Clarification Statement: Observations could include color, texture, hardness, and flexibility. Patterns could include the similar properties that different materials share.] The performance expectations above were developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Science and Engineering PracticesDisciplinary Core IdeasCrosscutting Concepts Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in K–2 builds on prior experiences and progresses to simple investigations, based on fair tests, which provide data to support explanations or design solutions. Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer a question. (2-PS1-1) PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter Different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature. Matter can be described and classified by its observable properties. (2-PS1-1) Patterns Patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed. (2-PS1-1) Connections to other DCIs in second grade: N/A Articulation of DCIs across grade-levels: 5.PS1.A Connections to Common Core State Standards in ELA/Literacy: W.2.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations). (2-PS1-1) W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. (2-PS1-1) Connections to Common Core State Standards in Mathematics: MP.4Model with mathematics. (2-PS1-1) 2.MD.D.10 Draw a picture graph and a bar graph (with single-unit scale) to represent a data set with up to four categories. Solve simple put-together, take-apart, and compare problems using information presented in a bar graph. (2-PS1-1

Closer Look at a NGSS (Grade 2) 42 2.PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: 2-PS1-1.Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties. [Clarification Statement: Observations could include color, texture, hardness, and flexibility. Patterns could include the similar properties that different materials share.] The performance expectations above were developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Science and Engineering PracticesDisciplinary Core IdeasCrosscutting Concepts Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in K–2 builds on prior experiences and progresses to simple investigations, based on fair tests, which provide data to support explanations or design solutions. Plan and conduct an investigation collaboratively to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence to answer a question. (2-PS1-1) PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter Different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature. Matter can be described and classified by its observable properties. (2-PS1-1) Patterns Patterns in the natural and human designed world can be observed. (2-PS1-1) Connections to other DCIs in second grade: N/A Articulation of DCIs across grade-levels: 5.PS1.A Connections to Common Core State Standards in ELA/Literacy: W.2.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations). (2-PS1-1) W.2.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question. (2-PS1-1) Connections to Common Core State Standards in Mathematics: MP.4Model with mathematics. (2-PS1-1) 2.MD.D.10 Draw a picture graph and a bar graph (with single-unit scale) to represent a data set with up to four categories. Solve simple put-together, take-apart, and compare problems using information presented in a bar graph. (2-PS1-1 Note: Performance expectations combine practices, core ideas, and crosscutting concepts into a single statement of what is to be assessed. They are not instructional strategies or objectives for a lesson.

46 MS-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-PS1-5.Develop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction and thus mass is conserved. [Clarification Statement: Examples of reactions could include burning sugar or steel wool, fat reacting with sodium hydroxide, and mixing zinc with hydrogen chloride.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to analysis of the following properties: density, melting point, boiling point, solubility, flammability, and odor.] The performance expectations above were developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Science and Engineering PracticesDisciplinary Core IdeasCrosscutting Concepts Developing and Using Models Modeling in 6–8 builds on K–5 and progresses to developing, using and revising models to support explanations, describe, test, and predict more abstract phenomena and design systems.  Develop a model to describe unobservable mechanisms. (MS-PS1-5) --------------------------------------------- Connections to Nature of Science Science Models, Laws, Mechanisms, and Theories Explain Natural Phenomena  Laws are regularities or mathematical descriptions of natural phenomena. (MS-PS1-5) PS1.B: Chemical Reactions  Substances react chemically in characteristic ways. In a chemical process, the atoms that make up the original substances are regrouped into different molecules, and these new substances have different properties from those of the reactants. (MS-PS1-2), ( MS-PS1-5)  The total number of each type of atom is conserved, and thus the mass does not change. (MS-PS1-5) Energy and Matter  Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. (MS-PS1-5) Note: Performance expectations combine practices, core ideas, and crosscutting concepts into a single statement of what is to be assessed. They are not instructional strategies or objectives for a lesson. A Closer Look at a Performance Expectation

Performance Expectation MS-PS1-5. Develop molecular models of reactants and products to support the explanation that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved in a chemical reaction Performance Expectation MS-PS1-5. Develop molecular models of reactants and products to support the explanation that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved in a chemical reaction Crosscutting Concepts Matter and Energy Matter is conserved because atoms are conserved in physical and chemical processes. Disciplinary Core Ideas PS1.B: Chemical Reactions The total number of each type of atom is conserved, and thus the mass does not change. Science and Engineering Practice Developing and Using Models Use and/or develop models to predict, describe, support explanation, and/or collect data to test ideas about phenomena in natural or designed systems, including those representing inputs and outputs, and those at unobservable scales. Making a Performance Expectation

An Analogy

An Analogy between NGSS and a Cake Baking Tools & Techniques (Practices) Cake (Core Ideas) Frosting (Crosscutting Concepts) Baking a Cake (Performance Expectation)

An Analogy between NGSS and Cooking Kitchen Tools & Techniques (Practices) Basic Ingredients (Core Ideas) Herbs, Spices, & Seasonings (Crosscutting Concepts) Preparing a Meal (Performance Expectation)

Life Science (Vegetables)Physical Science (Meats) Earth & Space Science (Grains)Engineering & Technology (Dairy) 55 An Analogy between NGSS and Cooking

Mixing and Matching the Elements

57 MS-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-PS1-1.Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen. [Clarification Statement: Examples of evidence could include adding air to expand a basketball, compressing air in a syringe, dissolving sugar in water, and evaporating salt water.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation or defining the unseen particles.] The performance expectations above were developed using the following elements from the NRC document A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Science and Engineering Practices Disciplinary Core IdeasCrosscutting Concepts Developing and Using Models Modeling in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to building and revising simple models and using models to represent events and design solutions. Use models to describe phenomena. PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon and the effects of air on larger particles or objects. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity Natural objects exist from the very small to the immensely large. (5-PS1-1) PE’s combine particular elements of the three dimensions

58 MS-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-PS1-1.Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen. [Clarification Statement: Examples of evidence could include adding air to expand a basketball, compressing air in a syringe, dissolving sugar in water, and evaporating salt water.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation or defining the unseen particles.] Science and Engineering Practices Disciplinary Core IdeasCrosscutting Concepts Developing and Using Models Modeling in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to building and revising simple models and using models to represent events and design solutions. Use models to describe phenomena. PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon and the effects of air on larger particles or objects. Scale, Proportion, and Quantity Natural objects exist from the very small to the immensely large. Instruction can use those same elements

59 MS-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-PS1-1.Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen. [Clarification Statement: Examples of evidence could include adding air to expand a basketball, compressing air in a syringe, dissolving sugar in water, and evaporating salt water.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation or defining the unseen particles.] Disciplinary Core Ideas PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon and the effects of air on larger particles or objects. Instruction can use those same elements

60 MS-PS1 Matter and Its Interactions Students who demonstrate understanding can: MS-PS1-1.Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen. [Clarification Statement: Examples of evidence could include adding air to expand a basketball, compressing air in a syringe, dissolving sugar in water, and evaporating salt water.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation or defining the unseen particles.] Disciplinary Core Ideas PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon and the effects of air on larger particles or objects. But should also mix and match elements Science and Engineering Practices Asking Questions and Defining Problems Asking questions and defining problems in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to specifying qualitative relationships. Ask questions that can be investigated and predict reasonable outcomes based on patterns such as cause and effect relationships. Science and Engineering Practices Developing and Using Models Modeling in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to building and revising simple models and using models to represent events and design solutions. Use models to describe phenomena. Science and Engineering Practices Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Planning and carrying out investigations to answer questions or test solutions to problems in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to include investigations that control variables and provide evidence to support explanations or design solutions. Make observations and/or measurements to produce data to serve as the basis for evidence for an explanation of a phenomenon or test a design solution. Science and Engineering Practices Analyzing and Interpreting Data Analyzing data in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to introducing quantitative approaches to collecting data and conducting multiple trials of qualitative observations. When possible and feasible, digital tools should be used. Analyze and interpret data to make sense of phenomena, using logical reasoning, mathematics, and/or computation. Science and Engineering Practices Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking Mathematical and computational thinking in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to extending quantitative measurements to a variety of physical properties and using computation and mathematics to analyze data and compare alternative design solutions. Organize simple data sets to reveal patterns that suggest relationships. Science and Engineering Practices Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions Constructing explanations and designing solutions in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to the use of evidence in constructing explanations that specify variables that describe and predict phenomena and in designing multiple solutions to design problems. Identify the evidence that supports particular points in an explanation. Science and Engineering Practices Engaging in Argument from Evidence Engaging in argument from evidence in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to critiquing the scientific explanations or solutions proposed by peers by citing relevant evidence about the natural and designed world(s). Compare and refine arguments based on an evaluation of the evidence presented. Science and Engineering Practices Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information in 3–5 builds on K–2 experiences and progresses to evaluating the merit and accuracy of ideas and methods. Communicate scientific and/or technical information orally and/or in written formats, including various forms of media and may include tables, diagrams, and charts. Crosscutting Concepts Patterns Patterns of change can be used to make predictions. Crosscutting Concepts Cause and Effect: Mechanism and Prediction Cause and effect relationships are routinely identified, tested, and used to explain change. Crosscutting Concepts Scale, Proportion, and Quantity Natural objects and/or observable phenomena exist from the very small to the immensely large or from very short to very long time periods. Crosscutting Concepts Systems and System Models A system can be described in terms of its components and their interactions. Crosscutting Concepts Energy and Matter: Flows, Cycles, and Conservation Matter is made of particles. Crosscutting Concepts Structure and Function Different materials have different substructures, which can sometimes be observed. Crosscutting Concepts Stability and Change Change is measured in terms of differences over time and may occur at different rates.

Exploring at the Practices

Review the following information about one practice: A.Section from Chapter 3 of the Framework B.Matrix for the practices from Appendix F of the NGSS C.Example performance expectations that use the practice Use these discussion questions: 1.What are the key elements of this practice? 2.How will engaging in this practice support the learning of a disciplinary core idea? 3.To what extent do you currently provide opportunities for students to engage in this practice during instruction? Prepare a poster and be prepared to make a 2 minute presentation about your practice to the whole group Exploring the Practices

Handouts

From the NSTA Bookstore 64

Exploring the Crosscutting Concepts

Review the following about one Crosscutting Concept: A.Section from Chapter 4 of the Framework B.Matrix for the practices from Appendix G of the NGSS C.Example performance expectations that use this crosscutting concept Use these discussion questions: 1.What are the key elements of this crosscutting concept? 2.What are some science concepts and contexts that would provide good opportunities for students to explore this crosscutting concept? 3.In what ways could you change your current methods of instruction to include more opportunities for students to improve their understanding of this crosscutting concept? Prepare a poster and be prepared to make a 2 minute presentation about your practice to the whole group Exploring the Crosscutting Concepts

Handouts

Based on work by Tina Cheuk, ell.stanford.edu Math Science ELA M1: Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them M2: Reason abstractly & quantitatively M6: Attend to precision M7: Look for & make use of structure M8: Look for & make use of regularity in repeated reasoning S1: Ask questions and define problems S3: Plan & carry out investigations S4: Analyze & interpret data S6: Construct explanations & design solutions M4. Models with mathematics S2: Develop & use models S5: Use mathematics & computational thinking E1: Demonstrate independence in reading complex texts, and writing and speaking about them E7: Come to understand other perspectives and cultures through reading, listening, and collaborations E6: Use technology & digital media strategically & capably M5: Use appropriate tools strategically E2: Build a strong base of knowledge through content rich texts E5: Read, write, and speak grounded in evidence M3 & E4: Construct viable arguments and critique reasoning of others S7: Engage in argument from evidence S8: Obtain, evaluate, & communicate information E3: Obtain, synthesize, and report findings clearly and effectively in response to task and purpose Commonalities Among the Practices in Science, Mathematics and English Language Arts www.nsta.org/ngss

An Introduction to The Next Generation Science Standards NSTA National Conference San Antonio, Texas April 11-14, 2013.

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