2. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) uses Spanning Tree Algorithm to avoid the Switching loops in layer-2 devices (bridges or switches). STP works when multiple switches are used with redundant links avoiding Broadcast Storms, Multiple Frame Copies & Database instability. First Developed By DEC STP is a open standard (IEEE 802.1D) Spanning Tree Protocol

3. Switch D Spanning Tree Protocol Root :B Root :A Root :C Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00003Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003 FA0/23 Switch C Switch A FA0/24 FA0/23FA0/24 FA0/23 I'm the Root Switch B

4. Spanning Tree Protocol Root :B Root :A Root :C Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00003Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003 Switch B Switch C Switch A I'm the Root Because MY ID is Lesser I'm the Not Root Because B ID is Lesser B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Root :B FA0/23 FA0/24 FA0/23FA0/24 FA0/23

5. Switch D Spanning Tree Protocol Root :B Root :A Root :B Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00002 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003 Switch B Switch C Switch A A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Root :A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 FA0/23 FA0/24 FA0/23FA0/24 B is not Root Because A ID is Lesser I'm the Not Root Because A ID Is Lesser

6. Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00002Bridge ID:32768.0000-0000-00003 Switch B Switch C Switch A Root :A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Root :A Root ID:32768.0000-0000-00001 Spanning Tree Protocol Speed 100 Mbps Root Port D Port Non D. Port X FA0/23 FA0/24 FA0/23FA0/24 FA0/23 Root Port D Port

7. BPDU –All switches exchange information through what is called as Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) –BPDUs contain a lot of information to help the switches determine the topology and any loops that result from that topology. –BPDUs are sent every 2 sec Bridge ID –Each switch has a unique identifier called a Bridge ID or Switch ID –Bridge ID = Priority + MAC address of the switch –When a switch advertises a BPDU, they place their switch id in these BPDUs. STP Terminology

8. Root Bridge –The bridge with the Best (Lowest) ID. –Out of all the switches in the network, one is elected as a root bridge that becomes the focal point in the network. Non-Root bridge –All Switches other than the Root Bridge are Non-Root Bridges STP Terminology

9. Designated port –Either a port On a root bridge or a port that has been determined as having the best (lower) cost. –A designated port will always in Forward Mode Root port –The link directly connected to the root bridge, or the shortest path to the root bridge. –Priority and Alternatives if Conflict occurred. Root port with the least cost (Speed) connecting to the root bridge. The bridge with the Best (Lowest) Switch ID. Lowest Physical Port Number. –Only One root port will Be in Bridge or switch. Non Designated port –All the Port or ports which are blocked by STP to avoid switching loop. –A Non Designated port Will Always in Blocked Mode. STP Terminology

10. Disable-No Limits. Blocking-20 Sec Or No Limits. Listening -15 Sec. Learning-15 Sec. Forwarding-No Limits. Switch - Port States

12. Vlan provide Layer 2 Security Divides a Single Broadcast domain into Multiple Broadcast domains. By default all ports of the switch are in VLAN1. This VLAN1 is known as Administrative VLAN or Management VLAN VLAN can be created from 2 – 1001 Can be Configured on a Manageable switch only 2 Types of VLAN Configuration –Static VLAN –Dynamic VLAN Virtual LAN

13. Static VLAN Static VLAN’s are based on port numbers Need to manually assign a port on a switch to a VLAN Also called Port-Based VLANs It can be a member of single VLAN and not multiple VLAN’s

14. Dynamic VLAN’s are based on the MAC address of a PC Switch automatically assigns the port to a VLAN Each port can be a member of multiple VLAN’s For Dynamic VLAN configuration, a software called VMPS( VLAN Membership Policy Server) is needed Dynamic VLAN

15. 192.168.20.6192.168.20.5192.168.20.4192.168.20.7192.168.20.8192.168.20.9192.168.20.1192.168.20.2192.168.20.3 SWITCH Default VLAN i.e. VLAN No. 1 VLAN - Lab Diagram

16. Sales Vlan no. 10 Sales Vlan no. 10 VLAN - Lab Diagram 192.168.20.1192.168.20.2192.168.20.3 SWITCH

17. Sales Vlan no. 10 Sales Vlan no. 10 VLAN - Configuration 192.168.20.1192.168.20.2192.168.20.3 SWITCH

18. Sales Vlan no. 10 Sales Vlan no. 10 VLAN - Lab Diagram 192.168.20.1192.168.20.2192.168.20.3 SWITCH

19. Trunking Configuration Marketing Vlan no. 20 Sales Vlan no. 10 192.168.20.1192.168.20.2192.168.20.3 Marketing Vlan no. 20 Sales Vlan no. 10 192.168.20.6192.168.20.5192.168.20.4 Fa0/24 S65 S75 Fa0/24

20. VTP is a CISCO proprietary protocol used to share the VLAN configurations with multiple switches. Information will be passed only if switches connected with FastEthernet or higher ports. Note: Switches Should be configure with same Domain Name. Domain Names are not Case sensitive. Virtual LAN Trunking Protocol

21. VTP Mode are of three types : Server Mode – A Switch configured in Server mode can Add, Modify and Delete VLAN’s – A Default VTP mode for all switches Client Mode – A switch configured in Client mode cannot Add, Modify and Delete its VLAN configurations – Doesn’t store its VLAN configuration information in the NVRAM. Instead, learns it from the server every time it boots up Transparent Mode – A switch configured in a Transparent Mode can Add, Modify and Delete VLAN configurations. Changes in one transparent switch will not affect any other switch. VTP Modes

22. VTP Messages Advertisement Request Subset Advertisement Summary Advertisement

23. VLAN Trunking Protocol Configuration Marketing Vlan no. 6 Sales Vlan no. 5 192.168.20.1192.168.20.2192.168.20.3 Marketing Vlan no. 6 Sales Vlan no. 5 192.168.20.6192.168.20.5192.168.20.4 Fa0/24 VTP Server VTP Client

24. CDP Cisco Property Protocol. CDP is enable by default in All Cisco Networking Devices. CDP Advertisement are send through all the ports by default. CDP Advertisement are send every 60 second. Advertisement are send via multicast.

25. Once the Layer 1 is Active CDP Sends the information to its neighbor. It can be used for Layer 1, layer 2, layer 3 troubleshooting. Information –Logical Address (if define). –Hostname (given by hostname command). –Hardware Platform. –IOS Version. –Interface Type and Interface Number of local and remote device connected. Advantages Of CDP

26. CDP Can be used only between Cisco Devices. Information about only directly connected neighbors can be known. Can be used to troubleshoot only between two Cisco devices not any other like Pc To switch. Disadvantages Of CDP

27. CDP E0 HYD CHE Bombay AgraSimla DEL Surat CHE SRI S24 S50

28. THE END

30. User Access Verification Password: Microsoft Windows [Version 5.2.3790] (C) Copyright 1985-2003 Microsoft Corp. C:\>telnet 192.168.20.165 Connecting To 192.168.20.165... ****

31. switch65> Enable Password:**** VLANNameStatusPorts ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1Defaultactive Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 trcrf-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trbrf-default act/unsup --More-- Switch65#Show Vlan

32. VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2 ---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------ 1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0 1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0 1003 trcrf 101003 4472 1005 3276 - - srb 0 0 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0 1005 trbrf 101005 4472 - - 15 ibm - 0 0 VLAN AREHops STEHops Backup CRF ---- ------- ------- ---------- 1003 7 7 off Remote SPAN VLANs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Primary Secondary Type Ports ------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

33. Mac Address Table ------------------------------------------- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports ---- ----------- -------- ----- All 000f.90b2.ad40STATIC CPU All 0100.0ccc.cccc STATIC CPU All 0100.0ccc.cccd STATIC CPU All 0100.0cdd.dddd STATIC CPU 1 0000.0c09.9677 DYNAMIC Fa0/24 1 0000.0c34.60cc DYNAMIC Fa0/24 1 0000.0c3b.a686 DYNAMIC Fa0/24 1 0000.0c93.01e1 DYNAMIC Fa0/24 1 0002.4483.5da0 DYNAMIC Fa0/24 1 0002.44d0.279e DYNAMIC Fa0/7 1 000b.2b0e.f2fd DYNAMIC Fa0/8 1 000b.2b0f.6499 DYNAMIC Fa0/9 1 000b.2b0f.659f DYNAMIC Fa0/10 1 000b.2b0f.80df DYNAMIC Fa0/16 1 000f.90c2.2a18 DYNAMIC Fa0/24 Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 20 switch65#Show mac-address-table

34. Show interface statusswitch65# PortNameStatusVlanDuplex SpeedType Fa0/1notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/2notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/3 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/4 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/5 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/6 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/7 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/8 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/9 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/10 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/11 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/12 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/13 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/14 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/15 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/16 connected 1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/17 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/18 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/19 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX ---More---

35. Port Name StatusVlanDuplexSpeed Type Fa0/20 notconnect1 autoauto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/21 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/22 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/23 notconnect1autoauto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/24 connected1a-fulla-100 10/100BaseTX switch65# Config terminal switch65(config)#vlan 10 switch65(config-vlan)# name sales switch65(config-vlan)#exit switch65(config)#^z switch65# switch65(config)#vlan 20 switch65(config-vlan)# name mkt switch65(config-vlan)#exit VLAN Creation – 2950 Series Switch(config)# vlan Switch(config-Vlan)# name Switch(config-Vlan)# Exit VLAN Creation – 2900 Series Switch# vlan database Switch(vlan)# vlan name Switch(vlan)# exit VLAN Creation – 2950 Series Switch(config)# vlan Switch(config-Vlan)# name Switch(config-Vlan)# Exit VLAN Creation – 2900 Series Switch# vlan database Switch(vlan)# vlan name Switch(vlan)# exit

36. VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 10 sales active 20 mkt active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 trcrf-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-defaultact/unsup 1005 trbrf-default act/unsup switch65#Show Vlan

37. switch65# Config terminal switch65(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1 switch65(config-if)# switchport mode access switchport access vlan 10 switch65(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3 switch65(config-if)# switchport mode access switchport access vlan 10 VLAN Name Status Ports ---- ------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------- 1default active Fa0/2, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 10 sales activeFa0/1, Fa0/3 20 mkt active 1002 fddi-defaultact/unsup 1003 trcrf-defaultact/unsup 1004 fddinet-defaultact/unsup switch65#show vlan switch65(config-if)#exit switch65(config)#^z Vlan Implementation Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access Switch(config-if)# switchport access Vlan Vlan Implementation Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport mode access Switch(config-if)# switchport access Vlan

38. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> pinging 192.168.20.2 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.2 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Request timed out. pinging 192.168.20.3 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.3 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.3: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

39. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> pinging 192.168.20.1 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.1 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Request timed out. pinging 192.168.20.3 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.3 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Request timed out.

40. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> pinging 192.168.20.2 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.2 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Request timed out. pinging 192.168.20.1 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.1 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

41. switch65# Config terminal switch65(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/24 switch65(config-if)# switchport mode trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan all switch65(config)#exit switch65(config)#^Z switch65#show interface trunk Port Mode EncapsulationStatus Native vlan Fa0/24 on 802.1q trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/24 1-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Fa0/24 1,10,20 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Fa0/24 1,10,20 Trunking Configuration – 2900 Series Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { |all} Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q (2900) Trunking Configuration – 2900 Series Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport mode trunk Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { |all} Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q (2900)

42. Show interface statusSwitch65# PortNameStatusVlanDuplex SpeedType Fa0/1connect10 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/2connect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/3 connect10 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/4 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/5 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/6 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/7 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/8 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/9 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/10 connected1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/11 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/12 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/13 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/14 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/15 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/16 connected 1 a-full a-100 10/100BaseTX Fa0/17 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/18 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/19 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX ---More---

43. Port Name StatusVlanDuplexSpeed Type Fa0/20 notconnect1 autoauto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/21 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/22 notconnect1 auto auto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/23 notconnect1autoauto 10/100BaseTX Fa0/24 connectedtrunka-fulla-100 10/100BaseTX Switch65# VLAN Name Status Ports ---- ------------------------------ --------- ------------------------------- 1default active Fa0/2, Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23 10 sales activeFa0/1, Fa0/3 20 mark active 1002 fddi-defaultact/unsup 1003 trcrf-defaultact/unsup 1004 fddinet-defaultact/unsup 1005 trbrf-defaultact/unsup show vlan

44. switch75# Config terminal switch75(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/24 switch75(config-if)# switchport mode trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan all switch75(config-if)#exit switch75(config)#^Z switch75#show interface trunk Port Mode EncapsulationStatus Native vlan Fa0/24 on 802.1q trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/24 1-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Fa0/24 1,10,20 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Fa0/24 1,10,20 Trunking Configuration – 2900 Series Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { |all} Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q (2900) Trunking Configuration – 2900 Series Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { |all} Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q (2900)

45. switch65# Config terminal switch65(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/24 switch65(config-if)# switchport mode trunk switchport trunk allowed vlan all switch65(config-if)#exit switch65(config)#^Z switch65#show interface trunk Port Mode EncapsulationStatus Native vlan Fa0/24 on 802.1q trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/24 1-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Fa0/24 1,10,20 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Fa0/24 1,10,20 Trunking Configuration – 2900 Series Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { |all} Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q (2900) Trunking Configuration – 2900 Series Switch(config)# interface Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan { |all} Switch(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q (2900)

46. switch65# Config terminal switch65(config)#vtp domain zoom switch65(config)# vtp mode server vtp password cisco switch65(config)#^z switch65#show vtp status switch65(config)#vtp pruning VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 0 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64 Number of existing VLANs : 7 VTP Operating Mode : Server VTP Domain Name : zoom VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled VTP V2 Mode : Enabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xE4 0x74 0xA1 0xA3 0x21 0x8D 0xF1 0xB0 Configuration last modified by 192.168.20.65 at 3-1-93 01:13:25 Local updater ID is 192.168.20.65 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interfa ce found) VTP Configuration – 2950 Series Switch(config)# VTP Domain Switch(config)# VTP Password Switch(config)# VTP Mode Switch(config)# VTP pruning VTP Configuration – 2900 Series Switch#VLAN Database Switch(VLAN)# VTP Domain Switch(VLAN)# VTP Password Switch(VLAN)# VTP Mode Switch(VLAN)# VTP pruning VTP Configuration – 2950 Series Switch(config)# VTP Domain Switch(config)# VTP Password Switch(config)# VTP Mode Switch(config)# VTP pruning VTP Configuration – 2900 Series Switch#VLAN Database Switch(VLAN)# VTP Domain Switch(VLAN)# VTP Password Switch(VLAN)# VTP Mode Switch(VLAN)# VTP pruning

47. Vtp client switch75# Config terminal switch75(config)#vtp domain zoom switch75(config)# vtp mode Client vtp password cisco switch75(config)#^z switch75#show vtp status switch75(config)#vtp pruning VTP Version : 2 Configuration Revision : 0 Maximum VLANs supported locally : 64 Number of existing VLANs : 7 VTP Operating Mode : Client VTP Domain Name : zoom VTP Pruning Mode : Enabled VTP V2 Mode : Enabled VTP Traps Generation : Disabled MD5 digest : 0xE4 0x74 0xA1 0xA3 0x21 0x8D 0xF1 0xB0 Configuration last modified by 192.168.20.65 at 3-1-93 01:13:25 Local updater ID is 192.168.20.65 on interface Vl1 (lowest numbered VLAN interfa ce found)

48. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> pinging 192.168.20.2 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.2 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 pinging 192.168.20.3 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.3 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.3: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

49. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> pinging 192.168.20.1 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.1 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 pinging 192.168.20.3 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.3 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.3: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.3: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

50. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:\> pinging 192.168.20.1 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.1 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.1: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255 pinging 192.168.20.2 with 32 bytes of data: ping 192.168.20.2 Ping statistics for 192.168.20.2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms C:\> Reply from 192.168.20.2: bytes=32 time<10ms TTL=255

51. Cdp Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r – Repeater Device IDLocal IntrfceHoldtmeCapabilityPlatformPort ID HYDFas 0/4140R2500Eth 0 S50Fas 0/24126S IWS-C2950T-Fas 0/24 AgraFas 0/8130R2500Eth 0 SimlaFas 0/10160R2500Eth 0 BombayFas 0/5158R2500Eth 0 SuratFas 0/6124R2500Eth 0 CHEFas 0/7140R2520Eth 0 SriFas 0/18120R2611Eth 0/0 DelFas 0/9150R2500Eth 0 s24# Global CDP information: Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled s24#show cdp neighbors show cdp

52. cdp2 s24# show cdp neighbors detail ------------------------- Device ID: HYD Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.4.150 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/4, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime : 131 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by srani advertisement version: 1 ------------------------- Device ID: s50 Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.20.50 Platform: cisco WS-C2950T-24, Capabilities: Switch IGMP Interface: FastEthernet0/24, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/24 Holdtime : 177 sec --More--

53. cdp3 Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(12c)EA1, RELEASE SOFTWA (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Sun 24-Nov-02 23:31 by antonino advertisement version: 2 Protocol Hello: OUI=0x00000C, Protocol ID=0x0112; payload len=27, value=00000 0FFFFFFFF010221FF000000000000000BFDFE9800FF0000 VTP Management Domain: ‘zoom' Native VLAN: 1 Duplex: full ------------------------- Device ID: Agra Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.8.150 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/8, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime : 174 sec Version : -- More --

54. Cdp4 Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythw advertisement version: 2 Duplex: half ------------------------- Device ID: SIMLA Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.10.150 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Interface: FastEthernet0/10, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime : 141 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.0(9), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 24-Jan-00 21:19 by bettyl advertisement version: 1 --More--

55. Cdp5 ------------------------- Device ID: Bombay Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.5.150 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/5, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime : 135 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by srani advertisement version: 1 ------------------------- Device ID: surat Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.6.150 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/6, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime : 158 sec -- More--

56. cdp6 Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythw advertisement version: 2 Duplex: half ------------------------- Device ID: CHE Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.7.150 Platform: cisco 2520, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/7, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Holdtime : 173 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Fri 01-Feb-02 07:30 by kellythw advertisement version: 2 Duplex: half --More--

57. cdp7 Device ID: sri Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.11.150 Platform: cisco 2611, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/18, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0/0 Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C2600 Software (C2600-I-M), Version 12.0(7)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc2) Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Tue 07-Dec-99 02:12 by phanguye ------------------------- Device ID: del Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.9.150 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: FastEthernet0/9, Port ID (outgoing port): Ethernet0 Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-P-L), Version 12.0(24), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 30-Sep-02 20:43 by srani advertisement version: 1

58. cdp8 s24#show cdp interface fa 0/24 FastEthernet0/24 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds

59. chennai# Global CDP information: Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Device IDLocal IntrfceHoldtmeCapabilityPlatformPort ID BanSer 0145R2509Ser 1 HydSer 1141R2500Ser 0 S50Eth 0124S IWS-C2950T-Fas 0/2 show cdp show cdp neighbors

60. Cdp r 2 chennai#show cdp neighbors detail ------------------------- Device ID: s50 Entry address(es): IP address: 192.168.20.50 Platform: cisco WS-C2950T-24, Capabilities: Switch IGMP Interface: Ethernet0, Port ID (outgoing port): FastEthernet0/2 Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS - C2950 Software (C2950-I6Q4L2-M), Version 12.1(12c), RELEASE SOFTWAR Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. ------------------------- Device ID: ban Entry address(es): IP address: 11.0.0.2 Platform: cisco 2509, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1 Holdtime : 121 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. -- More --

61. Cdp r 3` Device ID: hyd Entry address(es): IP address: 10.0.0.1 Platform: cisco 2500, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial1, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial0 Holdtime : 175 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-I-L), Version 12.1(12b), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2002 by cisco Systems, Inc. show cdp interface Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation ARPA Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds Serial1 is up, line protocol is up Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds chennai#