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Where is the Universe?
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Cosmological Questions Temporal Temporal Spatial Spatial Compositional Compositional Teleological Teleological Behind physics is the more ancient and honorable tradition of attempts to understand where the world came from, where it is going, and why. P. J. E. Peebles
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Early Conceptions Babylonian Babylonian Egyptian Egyptian Hebraic Hebraic Pre-Socratic Pre-Socratic Aristotelian Aristotelian
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Geocentric/Aristotelian Principle of Plenitude Quintessence
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Medieval Dante’s ‘Moral’ Cosmology Dante’s ‘Moral’ Cosmology Geocentric Geocentric Theology Theology based based
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Copernican Cosmos
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Matter & Space
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So, the Universe is…… Created? Created? Changing? Changing? M a y b e..... DEFINITELY NOT!
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Geometry 0 Uniform: homogeneous & isotropic Congruence geometry Euclidean (Euclid) Spherical (Riemann) Hyperbolic (Gauss, Lobachevski, Bolyai)
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Geometry 1 Euclidean 1 parallel Triangle: 180 o C = π D
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Geometry 2 Spherical 0 parallels Triangle: >180 o C < π D
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Geometry 3 Hyperbolic ∞ parallels Triangle: <180 o C > π D
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Geometry Affects Appearance Euclidean Spherical Hyperbolic
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Einstein Special Relativity Special Relativity Space-Time Space-Time General Relativity General Relativity Mass curves Spacetime Mass curves Spacetime Solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations Solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations Evolving universe Evolving universe Cosmological constant Cosmological constant
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Evolving Universes
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How much can we see?
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Hubble’s Law V = H 0 D V = H 0 D
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Everything recedes from everything!
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Abundance of Light Isotopes
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
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Tiny (significant) Fluctuations
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Hot Big Bang Model
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Problems Horizon problem Horizon problem Flatness problem Flatness problem ‘Goldilocks’ problem ‘Goldilocks’ problem More? More? More?
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Inflation Ω = 1
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Dark Matter: The Evidence ‘Peculiar’ motion of stars (Oort) ‘Peculiar’ motion of stars (Oort) Coma cluster (Zwicky) Coma cluster (Zwicky) ClusterSim Galaxy rotation Galaxy rotation GalRot GalRotGalRot Galaxy clusters Galaxy clusters Superclusters Superclusters NGC3198
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Dark Matter: What is it? Dark MatterNot Dark Matter Baryonic MACHOs MACHOsPlanets Brown dwarfs Red dwarfs Black holes Hot gas Hot gasNon-Baryonic HDM Neutrinos CDM WIMPs Axions Photinos Quark nuggets
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What’s the Matter?
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Accidents Happen
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Find the Supernova
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How It’s Done
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Supernovae SNAP
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CMB Penzias/Wilson COBE Boomerang WMAP
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Dark Energy Cosmological constant (Λ) or vacuum energy Cosmological constant (Λ) or vacuum energy constant constant Quintessence Quintessence Dynamic Evolving Spatially dependent k-essence k-essence “tracker” fields “tracker” fields predicted by some particle physics theories predicted by some particle physics theories
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What’s the Universe?
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Putting It All Together
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Recipe for Our Universe
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History of Universe Cubs return to World Series
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Whither the Universe? 2 BY 6 BY 14 BY 24 BY 33 BY 44 BY 65 BY 75 BY
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