1. Benefits of laser in Periodontology By Rachel Musselwhite Dimpal Panchal

2. Laser History Laser – Acronym for word light amplification by “stimulated emission” Principle founded by- Albert Einstein in 1917 1960, Synthetic ruby laser: Theodore Maimam[2] 1961, the first gas laser and first continuously operating laser 1988, Er:YAG laser 1989, Nd:YAG laser, soft tissue surgery

3. Laser Components Active medium : solid, liquid or gas Laser tube having two mirrors Power source of mechanical, chemical and optical

4. Laser Characteristic Laser energy is made of small particle call photon Monochromatic (light of one specific wavelength) Directional (low divergence) Coherent (all waves are in certain phase relationship to each other)

5. Why Consider Laser: Laser is more efficacious Bactericidal properties Tissue sterilization and coagulation Pain relief Inflammation reduction Wound healing Accelerated tissue repair and cell growth Use of laser on implants

6. Advantages of Laser High patient acceptance Less bleeding during surgery and post surgery procedure Reduce surgery time and post surgery pain Minimal swelling and scaring Reaches difficult areas without scaring and trauma No requirement of sutures

7. Disadvantages of Laser Laser irritation Need special equipment Protective eye wear must be selected based on the laser wave length Multiple wavelengths lasers will require switching of safety lens during procedure Cost and size Proper training and causes Can cause serious ocular injuries if used without appropriate eye safety devices Retinal damage may result in permanent eye problems in the form of diminish night vision, decreased ability to see color, and even blindness

8. Texas Administrative Code, Title 22 Rule #115.2 section 7B states that “Dental Hygienists may use lasers in the practice of dental hygiene under the direct supervision of a dentist, so long as they do not perform any procedure that is irreversible or involves the intentional cutting of hard or soft tissues. Dental Hygienist can use laser for sulcular debridement, reduction, of subgingival bacterial load, inflammation control, and homeostasis of bleeding

9. Recent Advances Waterlase system: The ease of laser water that is energized to cut soft and hard tissues. Periowave system: Utilizes nontoxic dye in combination with low intensity lasers to destroy bacteria by enabling oxygen.

10. Laser Safety Laser warning sign outside of clinic Use barriers within the operatory Use of eye wear to protect against reflected laser light or accidental direct exposure High volume suction must be used to evacuate the plume from tissue ablation.

11. Video https://youtu.be/Puab_oLYGDU

12. Conclusion: Lasers are advancing and exciting tools providing ease of access to anatomical areas unavailable with traditional scalers. Laser light have bactericidal properties whereas handheld tools can themselves become contaminated. Lasers in dentistry are invaluable technology improving upon dental methods of yesterday for benefits of dentist and patients tomorrow.

13. Picture References http://www.drmoorhead.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/periodontal-disease-before-and-after-treatment.jpg http://sanangelolaserdentist.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/laser-dentistry.jpg http://cdn.wonderfulengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Laser-and-Dental-4.jpg http://www.thestafforddentalpractice.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/overview_1.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Laser-symbol-text.svg/2000px-Laser-symbol- text.svg.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Laser-symbol-text.svg/2000px-Laser-symbol- text.svg.png http://i00.i.aliimg.com/wsphoto/v0/32301358178/Zero-Freight-font-b-laser-b-font-goggles-teeth-whitening-font-b- laser-b-font-eye.jpg http://i00.i.aliimg.com/wsphoto/v0/32301358178/Zero-Freight-font-b-laser-b-font-goggles-teeth-whitening-font-b- laser-b-font-eye.jpg https://www.mcgill.ca/ehs/files/ehs/images/appendix_e_1.jpg http://www.aashudentalclinic.com/ad_userfiles/images/laser-dental1.jpg http://www.fotona.com/media/aurora/slike/2012/04/000018256176xsmall_dentistry.jpg http://lasersafetygoggles.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Laser-Safety-Goggles-for-Dentists-300x196.jpg