1. The Gas Laws Boyle Charles Gay-Lussac Avogadro Dalton’s Graham’s Law

2. Boyle’s Law Pressure and Volume have an inverse relationship in gases P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 If temperature and # particles is the same, if you increase pressure, the volume will decrease and vice versa

3. Charles’ Law Temperature and Volume have a direct relationship V 1 = V 2 T 1 = T 2 If P and n are constant, If you decrease the temperature, the volume will decrease.

4. Gay-Lussac’s Law Direct relationship between pressure and temperature P 1 = P 2 T 1 = T 2 If the temperature increases, the pressure will increase as well and vice versa.

5. Avogadro’s Law At the same temperature and pressure, gases occupying the same volume must have the same number of PARTICLES The same number of collisions must be happening. V = kn where k is a proportionality constant I mol of any gas @ STP = 22.4 L

6. Gas Laws Boyle’s Law, Charles Law and Gay- Lussac’s Law can be calculated independently from the COMBINED GAS LAW P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 = T 2

7. Gas Laws Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 = T 2

8. Charles’ Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 = T 2 Gas Laws

9. Gay Lussac’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 T 1 = T 2 Gas Laws

10. Graham’s Law Diffusion – the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density Effusion – the passage of a gas under pressure through a tiny opening Graham’s Law of diffusion – the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the gas’s density Heavy molecules effuse and diffuse slower than smaller molecules

11. A given sample of gas occupies 523 mL at 1.00 atm. The pressure is increased to 1.97 atm, while the temperature remains the same. What is the new volume of the gas?

12. A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150.0 mL at a pressure of 0.947 atm. What will the volume of the gas be at a pressure of 1.000 atm if the temperature remains constant?

13. A balloon is inflated to 665 mL volume at 27 °C. It is immersed in a dry-ice bath at -78°C. What is its volume, assuming the pressure remains constant?

14. Helium gas in a balloon occupies 2.5 L at 300.0K. The balloon is dipped into liquid nitrogen that is at a temperature of 80.0K. What will the volume of the helium in the balloon at the lower temperature be?

15. An airosol can containing gas at 101 kPa and 22 °C is heated to 55°C. Calculate the pressure in the heated can.

16. At 122 °C the pressure of a sample of nitrogen is 1.07 atm. What will the pressure be at 205°C assuming constant volume?