1. TOWARDS A NEW KOBE TWENTY YEARS AFTER THE JANUARY 17, 1995 EARTHQUAKE DISASTER Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

3. KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE BASED ON REPORTS PREPARED INDIVIDUALLY AND JOINTLY BY USA AND JAPANESE AGENCIES, EERI, AND MANY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

4. Mw 6.9 Depth: 24 km (15 miles) 5:46 am JANUARY 17, 1995

5. EACH EARTHQUAKE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO ADD TO THE “GLOBAL BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE” ON OCCURRENCES, CONSEQUENCES, AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MEASURES

6. BOOK OF BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives KNOWLEDGE - Perspectives On Science, Policy, On Science, Policy, And Change And Change

7. SUMMARY OF ACCUMULATED KNOWLEDGE Ground shaking and fires together destroyed over 150,000 buildings and left about 300,000 people homeless. The economic loss as a result of this earthquake is estimated to have reached $200 billion.

8. SUMMARY OF ACCUMULATED KNOWLEDGE The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths and over 30,000 injuries. 600 Fires following the earth- quake incinerated the equivalent of 70 U.S. city blocks.

9. OCCURRENCE

10. The Kobe earthquake was NOT the typical subduction zone earthquake of the region. It was generated by slip on the Median Tectonic Line (a strike-slip fault).

14. SOCIETAL IMPACTS BUILDINGS

15. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS Kobe, a city of 1.5 million, was devastated. Buildings of all types and ages collapsed. Entire blocks of apartments failed.

23. SOCIETAL IMPACTS LIFELINES

24. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS The Hanshin Expressway, an elevated highway system, collapsed, and other systems failed as a result of the strong ground shaking. Utility outages were widespread due to liquefaction and lateral spreads.

28. HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY At least two people died when the elevated section of the Hanshin motorway connecting Osaka to Kobe collapsed in three places. 50 cars went off the edge and a bus was left hanging over the edge.

33. SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS The port of Kobe lost its position as the world’s 2 nd largest container shipper.

38. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Hundreds of people trapped under the rubble of collapsed houses and buildings were rescued. Damaged gas and water lines, highway systems, and fires hindered search and rescue efforts and emergency response.

40. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Emergency response of the central government was efficient after a slow initial start the fist day of the quake.

43. Japan and the USA Formed a High Level Committee on “Earthquake Risk Reduction Policy that met for 3 years

44. GOAL: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION POLICY RECOVERY/RE- CONSTRCTION ALL ELEMENTS ARE INTERRELATED PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION PREVENTION EARLY WARNING EM. RESPONSE

45. HANSNIN EXPRESSWAY

46. TEN YEARS LATER A New Kobe JAPAN CONVENED 1 ST WORLD CONFERENCE ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN KOBE IN 2005

47. HIGHLIGHTS OF 1 st WORLD CONFERENCE : The Kobe Story The 2004 Banda Ache Earthquake and Tsunami

48. FIFTEEN YEARS LATER : Amazing Recovery and Reconstruction TWENTY YEARS LATER: Advancing Earthquake Disaster Resilience

49. RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION Kobe Port has recovered. Building codes and lifeline standards were improved significantly during the reconstruction phase. Major reconstruction was accomplished in a short time.