1. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS

2. RIOT A situation in which a large group of people behave in a violent and uncontrolled way

3. WHY RIOT CONTROL Angry mob involved in destructive activities Riot control refers to the measures used by police, military, or other security forces to control, disperse, and arrest people who are involved in a riot

7. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS Non lethal---less lethal weapons TYPES 1)Non Chemical 2)Chemical 3)Experimental New Devices

8. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS NON CHEMICAL 1)batons 2)whips 3)rubber bullets 4)water cannons 5)electric Tasers

12. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS CHEMICAL (1) Peripheral sensory irritants a. tear gases b. oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) (2) Dyes, pigments or fluorescent marking paints (3) Persistent obnoxious odor causing substances (mal-odorants) (4) Non-irritant obscuring smokes

13. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES 1) Active Denial System or ADS 2) The Laser Blinding 'Dazzler’ 3) Taser short gun 4) Screaming Microwaves That Pierce the Skull

14. RIOT CONTROL AGENTS 5) Long Range Acoustic Devices 6) Net guns 7) Stink bombs

16. PEPPER SPRAY active ingredient is capsaicincapsaicin a chemical derived from the fruit of plants in the Capsicum genus, including chilies

17. PEPPER SPRAY Pepper spray is an inflammatory agent. A lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary blindness) Causes immediate closing of the eyes, difficulty breathing, runny nose, and coughing.

18. PEPPER SPRAY Duration of effects depends on the strength of the spray Average full effect lasts around 30 to 45 minutes, with diminished effects lasting for hours. Personal pepper sprays can range from a low of 0.18% to a high of 3%. Most law enforcement pepper sprays use between 1.3% and 2%.

19. PEPPER SPRAY MECHANISM burning and painful sensations result from its chemical interaction with sensory neurons. Capsaicin, as a member of the vanilloid family, binds to a receptor called the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1). By binding to the VR1 receptor, the capsaicin molecule produces the same effect that excessive heat or abrasive damage would cause

21. TEAR GAS also called irritants, lacrimators produce transient discomfort and eye closure render the recipient temporarily incapable of fighting or resisting. effects occur within seconds of exposure but seldom persist more than a few minutes after exposure has ended

24. TEAR GAS 1)Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS) 2) 1-Chloroacetophenone (CN) 3) Diphenylaminearsine (DM)

25. TEAR GAS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS solids at room temperature with low vapor pressures dispersed as fine particles or in solution. Dispersion devices include small hand held spray cans, large spray tanks, grenades, and larger weapons.

26. TEAR GAS MECHANISM OF TOXICITY CS and CN are SN 2 alkylating agents react readily at nucleophilic sites. Prime targets include sulfhydryl-containing enzymes, such as lactic dehydrogenase. tissue injury may be related to inactivation of certain of these enzyme systems.

27. TEAR GAS MECHANISM OF TOXICITY Pain can occur without tissue injury and may be bradykinin mediated. CS causes bradykinin release and elimination of bradykininogen

28. TEAR GAS CLINICAL EFFECTS 1)Eye Burning, irritation Conjunctival injection Tearing Blepharospasm Photophobia

29. TEAR GAS 2)Skin Burning Erythema 3) Gastrointestinal Tract Gagging Retching Vomiting

30. TEAR GAS 4) Airways Sneezing Coughing Tightness in the chest Irritation Secretions

31. TEAR GAS 4) Airways Sneezing Coughing Tightness in the chest Irritation Secretions

32. TEAR GAS 5) Nose Rhinorrhea Burning pain 6) Mouth Burning of mucous membranes Salivation

33. TEAR GAS 7) Cardiovascular: transient increase in heart rate and blood pressure. may cause adverse effects in one with preexistent cardiovascular disease.

34. TEAR GAS MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Effects of exposure are self limiting and require no specific therapy. Most will disappear in 15-30 minutes Erythema may persist for an hour or longer.

35. TEAR GAS Eye flush with water or saline impacted particles should be sought. topical solution to relieve the irritation topical antibiotics

36. TEAR GAS Pulmonary oxygen bronchodilators if bronchospasm is present, specific antibiotics

37. TEAR GAS Skin Early erythema requires reassurance soothing compounds such as calamine, camphor, and mentholated creams Small vesicles should be left intact larger ones should be drained

38. TEAR GAS Skin Irrigation of denuded areas several times a day Topical antibiotic