1. MZR: A Multicast Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Vijay Devarapalli Nokia research Center 313 Fairchild Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043 Deepinder Sidhu Maryland Center for Telecom Research University of Maryland Baltimore County 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore,MD 21250 2001. IEEE International Conference on, Volume: 3 報告人：劉旭濃 淡江大學 研究所 在職專班二年級

2. Outline Introduction to MZR (Multicast routing protocol based on Zone Routing). Related Work. ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) MZR (Multicast routing protocol based on Zone Routing) Simulation Conclusions

3. MZR : Multicast routing protocol based on Zone Routing Source-Initiated. On-Demand. Create Tree by Zone Routing Mechanism. Independent of Underlying Unicast Protocol. Topology Change Localized.

4. Related Work (ODMRP) On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol. Mesh Based. Mesh Created between Sender and Receiver. Mesh Created Using Forwarding Group. Excessive Overhead incurred in Keeping the Forwarding Group Current. The Global Flooding of JOIN-REQUEST Packet.

5. Related Work (AMRoute) Adhoc Multicast Routing Protocol. Share Tree Based. Tree Involve only Group Member. Tree Links are Created as Unicast Tunnels. Depends Heavily on Underlying Unicast Protocol.

6. Routing Protocol in Ad Hoc Network Pure Proactive : 1.Overhead of keep routing information current. 2.Topological changes widely in the network. Pure Reactive : 1.Route Information delay. 2.Global Flooding-Search Procedure.

7. ZRP : Zone Routing Protocol(Hybrid) Define Radius of Zone (Hops). Get Zone Information (Border Nodes,Neighbors). Get IntraZone Routing Table. Route-Request through Border Node. Route-Reply from Nodes Outside. Get InterZone Routing Table.

8. ZRP : Zone Routing Protocol Define Radius of Zone (Each Node). Transmission Radius set to “2” hops. A G S F E B C D Current Node Zone Board Nodes of Zone

9. ZRP : Zone Routing Protocol Get Zone Information and Routing Table. (Each Node) A G S F E B C D NextHopDest. SA SB SF BC BD FE FG

10. ZRP : Zone Routing Protocol Route-Request through Border Node (Unicast). A G S F E B C D R I’s Routing Table NextHopDest. JR H I J

11. ZRP : Zone Routing Protocol. Route-Reply and Routing Table. A G S F E B C D R H I NextHopDest. DR S’s Routing TableD’s Routing TableH’s Routing TableI’s Routing Table NextHopDest. HR NextHopDest. IR NextHopDest. JR J

12. Why ZRP A Hybrid Routing Protocol. →Proactive and Reactive. Proactive Procedure (IntraZone). →Limit the Scope. Reactive Procedure (InterZone). →Flooding Search through Board Node.

13. MZR ： Protocol Description Proactive Protocol ： →Run inside Zone, maintain an up-to-date routing table. Reactive Protocol ： →On-Demand and initiate by source to create multicast tree.

14. MZR ： Multicast Tree Creation Multicast routing entry : Session_ID Source_ID,Group_ID Pair Upstream Node ID A List of Downstream Node ID Message cache. Tree Creation : 1. Initiate inside zone. 2. Extend to entire network.

15. MZR ： Multicast Tree Creation (Inside Zone) Source send TREE-CREATE to each node through unicast. Node set reverse route entry (route inactive). Member send TREE-CREATE-ACK back to Source through reverse route path. Set Downstream nodes list when received TREE-CREATE-ACK (route active).

16. MZR ： Multicast Tree Creation (Inside Zone) A G S F E B C Member node Route node Source node TREE-CREATE TREE-CREATE-ACK Ses_IDSou_IDGrp_IDUp_IDDwn_ID 23S45Null 23S45SNull 23S45CNull S C D D 23S45NullA B C 23S45SD 23S45CNull S C D TREE-CREATE TREE-CREATE-ACK

17. MZR ： Multicast Tree Creation (Extend to Entire Network) Source send TREE-PROPAGATE to border nodes through unicast with TTL=Zone Radius. Border nodes send TREE-CREATE to zone nodes (Like Tree Create inside Zone). Border node send TREE-CREATE-ACK back to source for zone nodes. Border nodes send TREE-PROPAGATE to it’s border nodes. Multiple routing zone.

18. MZR ： Multicast Tree Creation (Extend to Entire Network) A P S N E B J D C O F G R Q H I K L M T Member node Route node Source node TREE-CREATE TREE-CREATE-ACK TREE-PROPAGATE

19. MZR ： Tree Maintenance - tree refresh Route entry lifetime. Source send TREE-REFRESH every REFRESH-INTERVAL down the tree. Node reset timer and resend the packet. Stop sending if finish data transmission. Ensure tree is maintained during multicast.

20. MZR ： Tree Maintenance - reaction to link break The downstream node have to detecting link break and reconfiguring the tree. Send JOIN-REQUEST to all zone nodes with TTL=Zone Radius. 1.Zone node send JOIN-ACK and add multicast route entry. 2.Send JOIN-PROPAGATE to border nodes and another JOIN-REQUEST will be send by border node to it’s zone nodes. Branch reconstruction localize.

21. MZR ： Tree Maintenance - reaction to link break A H C F E B G D I J Member node Route node Multicast path JOIN-REQUEST JOIN-ACK 1.Node E move. 2.Link A to E and E to F break. 3.Node A send JOIN-REQUEST to all zone nodes. 4.Node G reply JOIN-ACK to A. 5.Multicast path create from G to A.

22. MZR ： Tree Maintenance - tree prunes Node send TREE-PRUNE to it’s upstream node. Upstream node remove from multicast route entry. Route node send TREE-PRUNE if the list of downstream node is empty.

23. Simulation Environment 50 Mobile nodes. 500m x 500m grid. Simulation execute for 300 seconds. Wireless link capacity 2Mbps. Transmission range 100m Source generate multicasting data 64Kbps. Packet size 500bytes. Zone radius = two hops.

24. Packet Delivery Ratio for three active sessions as the mobility increase Session ID

25. Total routing overhead as the node mobility increases ;pause time of 10 secs

26. Total routing overhead as the group size changes;pause time of 10 secs and a uniform speed of 5m/sec

27. Total routing overhead as the simulation proceeds for different group size;pause time of 10 secs and a speed of 5m/sec Group Size

28. Total packet delivery ratio as the group changes;pause time of 10 secs and a speed of 5m/sec

29. CONCLUSIONS Proactive protocol inside Zone and Reactive on entire network. Topology changed localize. MZR does not depend on any underlying unicast routing protocol. Instead of flooding using border node. Performance analysis, Routing overhead, Throughput