1. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Afghanistan Natural Resource Assessment and Reconstruction Project Geospatial Infrastructure Development: Task 7 - Digital Elevation Modeling by Pete Chirico

2. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: OBJECTIVE Develop publicly releasable digital elevation models (DEMs) at multiple resolutions from multiple sources to support USGS, USAID, and Afghan Ministries Reconstruction Projects 3D Perspective view of Panjshir valley developed from SRTM elevation model Digital Elevation Model of the Panjshir Valley developed from SRTM elevation data.

3. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 90m SRTM 30m SRTM 5m DEM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: APPLICATION EXAMPLES Applications for which absolute* (not relative) DEMs are important: Medium horizontal resolution: 90m -30m  Geologic Mapping and Interpretation  Satellite Imagery Terrain Correction High horizontal resolution: 30m – 5m  Hydrological Applications  Geohazard Modeling Very-high horizontal resolution: 5m - 1m  Infrastructure Site Selection and Engineering  Urban Applications * absolute DEMs are tied to a vertical datum on the ground

4. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: DERIVED PRODUCTS Shaded Relief of SRTM DEM Slope Map Derived from SRTM DEMTopographic Contours Derived from SRTM DEM Digital Elevation Models can be processed to derived secondary geospatial databases which will assist in geologic and mineral mapping, hazards delineation, water resources investigations, and terrain visualization.

5. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 Geomorphometric Processing of DEMs Measuring and classifying Slope and Curvature to develop surficial geologic units. Paine Run area in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. River Valley Alluvium Deposition. Colluvium. Alluvial/Debris Fans Deposition.

6. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: FY05 GOALS  SRTM DEM Covering all of Afghanistan (no gaps) 85m horizontal resolution  ASTER DEMs Regional Areas of Interest - approximately 38 ASTER Scenes 30m horizontal resolution  High Resolution DEMs from Stereo – Ikonos Imagery Regional Areas of Interest – approximately 5 Areas 3-5m horizontal resolution  Geo-rectified Russian Topographic Maps 1:200,000 Scale 1:50,000 Scale

7. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 METHODOLOGY: SRTM DEM  In February of 2000, NASA, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), the German Aerospace Center (DLR), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) flew X-band and C- band radar interferometry onboard the Endeavor Space Shuttle. The mission covered the Earth between 60ºN and 57ºS and will provide DEMs of approximately 80% of the Earth’s land mass when processing is complete.  Up to eight passes of data were merged to form the final processed SRTM DEMs which reduces but does not completely eliminate the amount of area with layover and terrain shadow effects.  DEMs are processed to 1 and 3 Arc Seconds, which corresponds to approximately 30m and 90m resolution respectively. Currently, 30m SRTM DEM data are controlled by the NGA and use is restricted to certain government agencies under agreements with NGA. 90m SRTM data are publicly available and are distributed by the USGS.  The vertical resolution of the 30m SRTM DEMs is stated as being ±16m for 90% of the data, while the remaining 10% may be greater than ±16m.

8. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: SRTM METHODOLOGY  SRTM Collection methodology from SRTM Mission completed in February of 2000.  Many data gaps in mountainous regions because of Radar shadows and layover effects. Image: DLR, 2000

9. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: Gap Filling SRTM  White voids are gaps in SRTM Data.  Red areas show Russian 1:200,000 Maps for which contours have been digitized to fill SRTM data gaps. Portion of a 1:200,000 Scale Russian topographic map from which contours were digitized to fill in gaps in SRTM data.

10. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: SRTM DEM  Preliminary “Gap-Filled” SRTM DEM  85m horizontal resolution

11. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: Prelim ASTER DEM Areas  Brown circles represent approximate ASTER Scene coverage.  Red and orange boxes show identified priority areas Schematic diagram showing ASTER stereo data collection process.

12. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: FY05 PRODUCTS  3 Month Deliverables -Digital Collection of Geo-rectified Russian 1:200,000 scale map sheets -Digital Collection of Geo-rectified Russian 1:50,000 scale map sheets  6 Month Deliverables - Publicly releasable SRTM DEM segmented into 1:250,000 scale sheet series - ASTER DEMs of selected regions (Kabul, Mazar, Jalalabad, Pol-i-Khomri, and Panjshir)  12 Month Deliverables - ASTER DEMs of selected regions (Kandahar, Herat, others?) -1 or 2 High Resolution DEMs from Stereo –Ikonos Imagery

13. Presentation to Afghan Minister of Mines and Industries Reston 3/6/05 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELING TASK: FY05 PROGRESS  SRTM DEM -Preliminary Official Use Only “gap-filled” ( with level 1 DTED data) DEM completed and delivered to EDC and Flagstaff -Continuing to produce publicly releasable elevation data to fill gaps  ASTER DEMs -Regional Areas of Interest Identified -approximately 38 Level 1-A ASTER Scenes requested from EDC  High Resolution DEMs from Stereo –Ikonos Imagery Coal Region and Kabul Area test sites  Geo-rectified Russian Topographic Maps 1:200,000 Scale -Scanned, Cropped, and Geo-rectified to Landsat Mosiac – supplied to EDC 1:50,000 Scale – Procured cropped and geo-rectified maps from Government source and supplied to EDC