1. Canine Vaccines Unit 5 http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=ipVO3ZnrzWk

2. Preventative Health Programs Yearly evaluations Include: behavior, nutrition, dental care, heartworm and intestinal parasite checks Vaccines: Why?

3. Patient Risk Evaluation Each patient has different needs Lifestyle: Indoors Outdoors Travel Board Shows

4. Core Vaccines VS. Non-Core Vaccines Core Vaccines: Basic vaccines Nationally recognized Non-Core Vaccines: Lifestyle based

5. Core Canine Vaccines Distemper Parvovirus Adenovirus 2 Rabies

6. Canine Distemper: Overview Questionable Vaccine History (ie: pet store or puppy mill dogs) Affects nervous system https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8io1 S2R7Qg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8io1 S2R7Qg

7. Canine Distemper: Symptoms Gooey eye and nose discharge Fever (which often comes and goes unnoticed) Poor appetite Coughing and the development of pneumonia Vomiting and diarrhea Callusing of the nose and foot pads Seizures

8. Canine Distemper: Transmission and Diagnosis Exposure to extremely fresh body secretions- less than 30 minutes old Distemper inclusion bodies seen on a differential

9. Canine Distemper: Treatment and Prognosis Supportive care More than half the dogs die within the first two weeks Euthanasia If recover- neurological deficits

10. Canine Distemper: Vaccination Given between 6-8 weeks Repeated every 3 weeks Until 16 weeks of age Booster given at 1 year Booster given at 2 years Booster given every 3 years thereafter

11. Parvovirus Highly contagious Bloody diarrhea Usually seen in puppies under 6 months of age

12. Parvovirus: Symptoms Parvovirus enteritis- severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea Fever Low white blood cell count Secondary bacterial infections Shock

13. Parvovirus: the Virus Spread thru feces Virus can live on fomites for 5 months or longer Incubation time 7-14 days Virus can be shed before clinical signs Virus can be shed 1-2 weeks after illness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7grb kmzaVf8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7grb kmzaVf8

14. Parvovirus: Diagnosis Idexx Parvo snap test CBC and Blood chemistry panels

15. Parvovirus: Treatment Supportive care I.V. Fluids I.V. Antibiotics Anti-vomiting drugs N.P.O Isolation

16. Parvovirus: Prognosis With immediate treatment- excellent prognosis Without immediate treatment- poor/guarded prognosis, death Dependent on animal’s immune system and degree of illness

17. Parvovirus: Vaccination Vaccine given at 6 weeks of age Repeat every 3 weeks until the puppy reaches at least 16 weeks of age Booster is given at 1 year and 2 years Then given every 3 years

18. Adenovirus 2 Causes respiratory and enteric disease Major cause of infectious tracheobronchitis aka: kennel cough Lessens chance of secondary infections

19. Adenovirus 2- Symptoms Dry hacking cough Retching Bringing up white foam Inflammation of trachea and bronchi Nasal discharge

20. Adenovirus-2: Diagnosis/Prognosis Viral culture, not very sensitive Recovery- excellent

21. Adenovirus-2: Vaccination Given between 6-8 weeks of age Repeated every 3 weeks until at least 16 weeks of age Booster given at 1 and 2 years Then booster given every 3 years

22. Canine Rabies Fatal Zoonotic potential Public health education Not common due to vaccination By law: dogs must be vaccinated In Kentucky: Carried in bats and skunks

23. Canine Rabies: Disease and Transmission Incurable Effects the nervous system Spread from saliva from infected animal (can include skunks, bats, raccoons etc)

24. Canine Rabies: Symptoms and Diagnosis Three stages of symptoms: Nervous and withdrawn Aggressive Paralysis, inability to swallow Euthanasia- direct fluorescent antibody test (dFA) on the brain tissue

25. Canine Rabies: Vaccination Given at 12 weeks of age Repeated at 1 year Then given every 3 years thereafter

26. Non-Core Vaccines Bordetella aka “Kennel Cough” Leptospira aka “Lepto” Borrelia Burgdorferi aka “Lyme”

27. Bordetella: Kennel Cough Rarely causes life threatening disease Kennel cough syndrome Easily treatable High dog traffic areas- such as boarding kennels, dog shows, etc.

28. Bordetella: Symptoms Dry hacking cough Watery discharge from nose Recent history of boarding the dog YouTube - Dixon has kennel cough

29. Bordetella: Treatment Antitussive for cough +/- antibiotics to treat any signs of a secondary infection

30. Bordetella: Vaccination Intranasal or injectable given at 12 weeks of age Booster given 3 weeks later Booster given yearly If at high risk, can be given up to every 6 months

31. Parainfluenza: Highly contagious virus that produces mild upper respiratory infections Commonly associated with bordetella, and adenovirus-2, causing “kennel cough”

32. Parainfluenza: Diagnosis Based on clinical signs

33. Parainfluenza: Treatment Antitussive for cough +/- antibiotics to treat any signs of a secondary infection

34. Leptospira: “lepto” Zoonotic potential Bacteria Passed thru the infected animals urine Life threatening disease Contracted from drinking infected water, soil, or urine- bacteria can live for weeks to months Enters body thru mucus membranes, cuts/abrasions, or from drinking infected water

35. Leptospira: Symptoms Fever Depression Loss of appetite Joint pain Excessive drinking Jaundice Low platelet count-bleeding Kidney failure

36. Leptospira: Diagnosis Blood test to detect antibodies 2 nd blood test run 2-4 weeks later PCR test- but is not currently available Difficult to test Urine sample- difficult to detect Kidney biopsy-very invasive

37. Leptospira: Treatment Penicillin Tetracycline- clear up infection in the kidneys But can’t be given at the same time! Supportive care- I.V. Fluids to flush kidneys and keep hydrated Blood work- kidney values/platelet count

38. Leptospira: Prognosis Life threatening Can cause permanent kidney damage

39. Leptospira: Vaccination Can cause side effects: hives, facial swelling, anaphylactic reactions Not 100% protection, may lessen severity of the infection Given at 12 weeks, 2 nd booster given 3 weeks later Given once a year thereafter

40. Borrelia Burgdorferi: Lyme Bacteria spread from deer ticks to dogs Spirochete borrelia Tick must be on dog for 48 hours for bacteria to transfer

41. Lyme: Symptoms Joint pain Fever Poor appetite- anorexic Shifting lameness Swollen lymph nodes Lyme nephritis- kidney failure

42. Lyme: Diagnosis Clinical symptoms Blood test- snap test- heska 3dx test In house- 5-10 min. for results, but only a positive or a negative Must then run Idexx C6 antibody test, results above 30 treat, then retest in 6 months

43. Lyme: Treatment Doxycycline- long-term NSAIDs for joint symptoms

44. Lyme: Vaccination Given at 12 weeks 2 nd booster given 3 weeks later Given yearly thereafter