1. Biological Macromolecules

2. What are biological macromolecules? Make up living things Large molecules made up of smaller repeating units Built upon skeletons of carbon atoms. Includes 4 classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

3. The versatility of carbon…

4. We are CHON!

5. Carbohydrates Provides quick energy for cells (glucose) Structural component of plants (cellulose) Chemical formula (CH 2 O)n monosaccharide (simple sugar) disaccharide (sugar) polysaccharide (starch)

6. Monosaccharides (simple sugars) What is the chemical formula of each of these monosaccharides? C 6 H 12 O 6

7. 2 Monosaccharides = Disaccharide (sugar)

8. Common Polysaccharides

9. Lipids Long-term energy storage Energy-rich (9 calories/g vs. 4 calories/g for carbs) Hydrophobic Lots of C, H, and O Made up of fatty acids In food called fats and oils (triglycerides)

10. Triglycerides = Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

11. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats Saturated: –All single carbon- carbon bonds on fatty acids –Solid at room temperature –Examples: beef, chocolate, butter Unsaturated: –Liquid at room temperature –At least one double carbon-carbon bond on fatty acids –Examples: olive oil, corn oil, fish oil

12. Proteins Structural components of animals (hair, feathers, skin, muscle) Enzymes: proteins which serve as biological catalysts C, H, O, N Made up of folded chains of amino acids (shape=function)

13. Amino acids link to form proteins

14. Macromolecules Overview ClassSubunitFunctionElementsExamples CarbohydrateMonosaccharideShort-term energy storage and plant structure (CH 2 O)nGlucose Sucrose Starch Cellulose Glycogen LipidFatty AcidLong-term energy storage C, H, OTriglycerides (Fat) Cell Membrane Steroids ProteinAmino AcidAnimal structure and enzymes C, H, O, N (some S) Hair Skin Muscle Enzymes Nucleic AcidNucleotideStorage and transfer of genetic info C, H, O, N, PDNA RNA