1. Biological Molecules… Introduction and Carbohydrates!

2. What are the major biological molecules? 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________

3. What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic? Inorganic Molecules > Molecules that don’t have Carbon Hydrogen (C-H) bonds. The major organic molecules (molecules with carbon-hydrogen bonds) found in living things ? ? Image: Methane : DynaBlast Wiki

4. Amazing Carbon Carbon is unique in many ways: The atoms can bond with each other to form long chains. Sometimes chains join together to form a ring. Carbon can form four single bonds. Double bonds form when two atoms share two pairs of electrons Images : www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/.../laser/laser_e.html www.phy.cuhk.edu.hk/.../laser/laser_e.html

5. Some words to help us… Mono = one Di = two Tri = three Poly = many A polymer is a chain of monomers stuck together.

6. Making Polymers Condensation reaction (dehydration reaction): One monomer provides a OH group while the other provides a H to form a water molecule (H2O) Hydrolysis: Bonds between monomers are broken by adding water (digestion)

7. Organic Molecules - Carbohydrates “________ hydrates” _________ is a synonym for carbohydrate. The prefixes on the word “saccharide” relates to the size of the molecule (mono-, di-, tri- poly-). You probably know that chocolate cake is full of refined sugars…carbs. You may not know that boogers contain carbs as well. Boogers are dried-up mucus and dirty nose debris. Mucus is made mostly out of sugars and protein. Looks like this little guy is double dipping. Bon appetite! Chocolate Cake Boogers

8. Organic Molecules - Carbohydrates Monosaccharides _________ sugars (one molecule) simplest *glucose, fructose Disaccharides ________ sugars combination of two monosaccharides *_________ = glucose + fructose *_________ = glucose + galactose Polysaccharides ____________ composed of several sugars can be same monomer (many of same monosaccharide) or mixture of monomers _____________ carbohydrates: glycogen (animals) starch (plants) _____________ carbohydrates: chitin (animals), cellulose (plants)

9. Creation of a disaccharide Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)

10. Polysaccharide Functions Storage: Plants: starch stored in plastids Animals: glycogen stored in the liver Structural: Cellulose: in plant cell walls Chitin: exoskeletons; cell walls of fungi; surgical thread

11. Homework Questions… Due next class. Done on your own! Please write the question and a (full sentence) answer. 1.Why is Carbon able to form so many different compounds? 2.What is the monomer in a carbohydrate? 3.What are carbohydrates used for in living things? 4.Give an example of a dissacharide. 5.Where is cellulose found and what is it made of? 6.How do animals store sugars? How about plants? Need more information? See Section 2.3 in your textbook!