34. Fig 2: Da Devare SG, J Med Virol 2007 Fig 2: Da Devare SG, J Med Virol 2007

35. Da Nick et al, J Med Virol 2007

45. Period of declining new HIV diagnoses in BC coincident with increased HIV testing rates, increased uptake of antiretroviral therapy, and decrease in community viral load (1996-2008) – Decline in new HIV diagnoses despite increases in syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia Montaner J, et al. CROI 2010. Abstract 88LB. Reproduced with permission. 1996 20092008 20072006 200520042003 2002 20012000199919981997 50,000 10,000-49,999 3500-9999 500-3499 < 500 Reduction in New HIV Diagnoses in BC: Testing, HAART, and Community VL 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10,000 12,000 Censored at the time of death or move Patients (n) HIV-1 RNA, copies/mL 0 200 400 600 New HIV+ diagnoses (all) New HIV+ Diagnoses (n) 800 1000 1200 1400

46. The decline of HIV DNA values during an effective therapy was directly related to baseline HIV DNA and HIV RNA values at baseline, to the increase in the number of CD4 cells to the achievement of a HIV RNA load <2.5 copies/ml. Undetectable HIV DNA cellular load was achieved by 21.6% of patients at the follow-up time point and significantly correlated with lower baseline cellular HIV DNA values and being in the primary stage of infection when therapy started. In conclusion, early treatment facilitated the achievement of undetectable levels of plasma viraemia and cellular HIV DNA and a better recovery of CD4 lymphocytes. HIV DNA level before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy may be used as a new tool for monitoring treatment efficacy Parisi et al, J Clin Microb 2012

48. 296 soggetti studiati alla diagnosi per resistenze nellanno 2009 in Veneto Mediana anni39 (18-79) 18 anni1 (1fs) 19 203 (2fs, 1ms) 216 (4mi, 2fs) 222 (2mi) 234 (3mi, 1fs) 248

49. 303 soggetti studiati alla diagnosi per resistenze nellanno 2010 in Veneto Mediana anni39 (17-72) 17 anni1ms 192 (1mi, 1ms) 201 (1ms) 217 (2mi, 1f1, 4fs) 221 (1ms) 237 (4mi, 1fi, 1ms, 1fi) 245 (3mi, 1ms, 1fs)

50. 245 soggetti studiati alla diagnosi per resistenze nellanno 2011 in Veneto Mediana anni38 (19-66) 18 anni 191fi 20 213 (2mi, 1fs) 224 (2mi, 1fi, 1fs) 232 (1mi, 1fs) 247 (1mi, 3ms, 3fs)

51. Parisi et al, CAVeAT 2013

54. Distribuzione mondiale dei sottotipi HIV-1 1 1 A (1519) B (16067) C (737) CRF01_AE (625) CRF02_AG (51) CRF03_AB (84) D (369) F (173) G (229) H (21) J (8) N (1) K (3) O (113) Other recomb. (178)

55. Sottotipi HIV-1 in Africa (1995-2000) Costa davorio CiadCamerun Sud Africa Zambia Gabon DRC Uganda Kenya TanzaniaEtiopia Senegal Mali Niger Benin Nigeria

56. Parisi et al, CAVeAT 2013

59. GRAZIE PER LATTENZIONE Paulus Furst 1656: illustration of protective clothing against plague