7. INTRODUCTION Leaves,bark,pot-sherds, clay In Greece-papyrus and vellum Herodotus: leather only used when papyrus not available

8. PAPYRUS Made from the pith of the papyrus plant Nile River and Delta In water 6’ or less Can be 15’ high Like skin of an onion Stem sliced into thin strips Layer horizontally and on top a layer vertically Done on board moistened to keep strips together

9. Strips pressed together Placed in sun to dry Sheets placed side by side and glued Sheets smoothed by rolling with ivory,shell or pumice Rolled-generally 9-10 inches Length depended on length of strips cut Longest-35’

10. VELLUM Employed for notebooks Codex:made of sheetsheld together by string or leather thongs Produced from animal skin Skins scraoed and smoothed with pumice After smoothed they were chalked Hair-side better to write on

11. Quires:large skins of foldable vellum Covered with wax and written on with stylus