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What You Need To Write… Any notes that are in YELLOW need to be copied down. Any headings in YELLOW need to be copied down.

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Presentation on theme: "What You Need To Write… Any notes that are in YELLOW need to be copied down. Any headings in YELLOW need to be copied down."— Presentation transcript:

1 What You Need To Write… Any notes that are in YELLOW need to be copied down. Any headings in YELLOW need to be copied down.

2 Factors that Affect Climate

3 Learning Goal By the end of this 2-day activity, you should be able to –Name the factors that affect a place’s climate –Explain how each factor can have an effect on climate.

4 Part A – Prior Knowledge Write your answer to each in your notebook. If you really don’t know yet, you may write “DK”. 1.What is the difference between weather and climate? 2.What does latitude mean, and how does it affect climate? 3.What does altitude or elevation mean, and how does it affect climate? 4.What is the effect of topographic features on climate? 5.How do wind patterns affect climate?

5 Weather and Climate Weather refers to the daily conditions in a place, like the temperature, winds, and air pressure. Climate refers to weather conditions over a long period of time.

6 Weather or Climate? Decide if each statement is talking about weather or climate. Check by clicking. –The temperature is 68 degrees Fahrenheit today. –Weather (measured for ONE DAY). –Phoenix area summer temperatures are over 100 degrees from June to August. –Climate (measured over a long time period). –The Phoenix area receives rainfall in July and August during the monsoon. –Climate (measured over a long time period).

7 Continued –On August 12, we received 1.25 inches of rain. –Weather (one day) –Low air pressure on December 16 caused a storm system to move into the Tucson area. –Weather (one day) –High air pressure during the spring season brings pleasant days with warm temperatures. –Climate (over a longer period of time).

8 Part B - Latitude Get a sheet of white paper. On your sheet of paper, draw a large circle to represent the earth.

9 Now mark on the north and south poles.

10 Add the equator, as shown in the picture.

11 Discuss a definition of the equator, based on how it looks! Click to check your answer, and write it down in your notebook. The equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth into a top half and bottom half.

12 Write this definition. Latitude measures how far from the equator a location is. It is measured in degrees north or south of the equator..

13 Draw a large part of the sun to the far right.

14 What is the effect of latitude? How does the latitude of a place affect how much sun it gets? Predict how it will be different at the equator, and at the poles. Click to get an explanation and to check your prediction.

15 Now draw the sun’s rays as they approach at the equator.

16 Write about the rays at the equator.

17 Now draw rays approaching the north pole.

18 Now add the measures of latitude, in degrees. Latitude at equator = 0, at north or south pole = 90, and in between, is between 0 and 90.

19 Make a general statement about latitude and climate. Copy this and fill in the blanks. As latitude gets ______________ from equator to the poles, the climate gets ______________, because the sun’s rays are hitting the earth at _________ of an angle.

20 Make a general statement about latitude and climate. Now check your answers and make corrections if you need to. As latitude gets ___bigger___________ from equator to poles, the climate gets _colder_____________, because the sun’s rays are hitting the earth at __more_______ of an angle.

21 Read about: Latitude As latitude increases, the intensity of solar energy decreases Near the equator, the sun’s energy strikes the planet at nearly right angles, therefore the sun’s ray’s are more intense here

22 Read about: Zones of Latitude Tropical Zone – region directly north and south of the equator; sun’s rays are most intense; generally warm year-round Temperate Zone – region located north and south of the equator above the tropics. Sun’s rays strike Earth at a smaller angle; hot summers and cold winters Polar Zone – the region very close to the poles; sun’s rays strike at a very low angle; experience cold temperatures year-round

23 Make a sketch of the climate zones on the back of your paper. Label the tropical, temperate and polar zones.

24 Concept Check – Answer in your notebook. 1.Which zone has the hottest climate, and why? 2.Which zone has the coldest climate, and why?

25 Check your answers by clicking! Write what you missed! 1.Which zone has the hottest climate, and why? The tropical zone is hottest since it has a low latitude (near equator), and the sun’s radiation hits it directly. 2. Which zone has the coldest climate, and why? The polar zone is coldest since it has a high latitude (far from equator), and the sun’s radiation hits it at an angle, lowering the intensity.

26 Part C - Elevation The lowest level of ground is SEA LEVEL. Elevation, or altitude, refers to how high above sea level a location is. The higher the elevation is, the colder the climate

27 Sketch in your notebook: Draw and label the change in temperature based on elevation or altitude:

28 Concept Check Answer in your notebook: How does elevation affect climate? Click to check! The higher the elevation, the colder the air and therefore, the colder the climate.

29 Explain… Mount Kilimanjaro is a famous mountain near the equator. How can it have snow on it during the summer, and when it is in the tropical zone near the equator?!? Discuss with your partner, then click for answer.

30 Explain… Mount Kilimanjaro is a famous mountain near the equator. How can it have snow on it during the summer, and when it is in the tropical zone near the equator?!? The climate gets colder the higher up you go, so at the top, it could be snowing, while at the bottom, it is hot because of the sun’s direct rays at the equator.

31 Explain… Why do people go from Phoenix to Flagstaff in the summer? Note: Elevation of Phoenix is 1,086 feet Elevation of Flagstaff is 6,909 feet Since Flagstaff is at a much higher elevation, it has a cooler summer climate, and people can leave the heat of Phoenix behind!

32 Part D - Topography Topography refers to features of the land, like mountains and hills, and valleys and low points. Topographic features such as mountains determine the amount of precipitation that falls over an area.

33 Draw a sketch of the diagram to show why it rains more on one side of a mountain or hill than the other. SEE THE NEXT SLIDES for close-ups of the writing…

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38 Concept Check – Topography How can mountains or hills affect climate? The side of a mountain near water (WINDWARD SIDE) gets more rainfall, and the side away (LEEWARD) is drier.

39 Part E – Bodies of Water Large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans change the temperature of an area nearby.

40 Draw this diagram. The next slides have CLOSE UPS OF THE WRITING!

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44 Concept Check How do large bodies of water affect climate? Places downwind of a large body of water generally have milder, warmer seasons than places farther inland at the same latitude.

45 Part F – Wind Patterns Global winds influence climate because they distribute heat and moisture around the Earth. Winds are constantly moving warm air toward the poles and cool air toward the equator

46 Draw this diagram and label it!

47 Concept Check What effect do wind patterns have on climate? Wind patterns move heat and moisture around Earth, which can change the temperature and rainfall in a place.

48 Part G– Knowledge NOW! Now that you have learned about factors that affect climate, write your answer to each of these, then check and add to your answer. 1.What is the difference between weather and climate? Weather refers to air conditions on one day, while climate refers to weather conditions over a longer period of time. 2. What does latitude mean, and how does it affect climate? Latitude refers to how far away a place is from the equator. Areas near the equator are hotter, and areas far from the equator are colder.

49 Knowledge Check, Continued 3.What does altitude or elevation mean, and how does it affect climate? Altitude or elevation refers to how high above sea level a place is. The higher it is, the colder it will be. 4.What is the affect of topographic features on climate? Topographic features like mountains cause some places to get more rainfall, and some areas to be drier. 5, How do global wind patterns affect climate? Wind patterns move heat and moisture around the earth. Cold winds will cause a place to have a colder climate.

50 If you are finished… Discuss with your partner some places you would like to visit. Choose one or two to research. Use the Internet to find out about the climate! Check information for: –Temperatures in summer and winter –Amount of rainfall –Things to do there, and how they could be affected by the climate and weather. Make a travel brochure (on paper or the computer) for one of the places, to make someone want to visit it for its climate!


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