2. Primates

3. Basically arboreal adaptation Binocular vision Padded digits w/nails Color vision Primates

4. Order: Primates Superfamily: Ceboidea Cercopithecoidea Hominoidea New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys Apes and Humans Family: PongidaeHylobatidaeHominidae Asian Great Apes Small Apes African Great Apes, Humans Orangutan Gibbon Pan, Gorilla Genus: Australopithecus species: robustus, afarensis, africanus Genus: Homo species: habilis, erectus, sapiens Suborder: Anthropoidea

5. Of all primates, Chimps and Gorillas are most like human beings. Primates

6. How much are apes and humans alike? A lot!

7. Comparison of Apes and Humans Skull Mastoid Processes Foramen Magnum Post cranial skeleton - pelvis, foot, femur, articulation of tibia/femur Bipedalism : The Defining Criterion

8. Foramen Magnum (toward rear) Foramen Magnum (tucked underneath)

9. ChimpanzeeHuman

10. Comparison of Apes and Humans Skull capacity and type of brain Other significant differences: General features of skull

11. Facial Prognathism PronouncedMinor

12. Other Skull Features Pronounced Mid-sagittal crest No Mid-sagittal crest No conical mastoid process Conical Mastoid Process Pronounced Supraorbital torus No Pronounced Supraorbital torus

13. Skull capacity: Human 1500cc Gorilla 500cc

14. Type of brain: Human brain has much larger cerebral cortex

15. Chimpanzee Behavior Of all the apes, chimps are most like us in all ways….physically and behaviorally. Of the various chimpanzees, Bonobos are most like us. Watch this video clip featuring primatologist Susan Savage- Rumbaugh talking on: Apes that write, start fires and play Pac-Man.Apes that write, start fires and play Pac-Man