1. Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI (Research4Life) and the Internet (module 1.1)

2. Instructions - This part of the:  course is a PowerPoint demonstration intended to introduce you to Basic Internet Concepts.  module is off-line and is intended as an information resource for reference use. MODULE 1.1 Basic Information on HINARI, AGORA and OARE and the Internet

3. Table of Contents  Background – HINARI, AGORA, OARE, ARDI  Basic Internet Concepts  Structure of the Internet  Common Internet Protocols  Technical Requirements for HINARI

4. http://www.research4life.org/

5. Objectives of Research4Life (R4L) To connect developing world researchers with the international scientific community To reduce the ‘publishing gap’ and improve the quality of locally produced articles and journals Ultimately – improve health, food security and environment in relation to Millennium Development Goals of 2015

6. HINARI (Health Access to Research programme) Online portal to publishers Coordinated by WHO/Yale University, USA Free/Low cost to >100 countries/territories Over 8500 e-journals, 7000 e-books and other resources / 150 publishers Medicine and health 5000+ institutions registered Data: 2012 02

7. Research AGORA (Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture) Online portal to publishers Coordinated by FAO/Cornell University, USA Free/Low cost to >100 countries/territories 2500 journals / 75 publishers Agriculture, food fisheries and related sciences 2000 institutions registered Data: 2012 02 www.aginternetwork.org/en/

9. OARE (Online Access to Research in the Environment) Online portal to access environmental information Coordinated by UNEP/Yale University Free/Low cost to >100 countries/territories Over 4150 journals / 75 publishers and scholarly societies Environment and related sciences 1800 institutions registered Data: 2012 02 www.oaresciences.org/en/

11. ARDI (Access to Research for Development and Innovation) Launched in July 2009, aRDi is a program developed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and its publishing partners in the fields of science and technology For developing countries – to support global knowledge economy and creation/development of new solutions to technical challenges on local and global level Became R4L partner program - July 2011 Eligible institutions are patent offices and academic and research institutions 12 publishers; access to >200 journals for 107 countries http://www.wipo.int/ardi/en/

13. Eligibility (01 2012) Institutions in countries with GNI (gross national income) per capita below $1600 or HDI (human development index) less than 0.63 are eligible for free access (Band 1/Group A) Institutions in countries with GNI per capita between $1601-$5000 or HDI less than 0.67 pay a fee of $1000 per year (Band 2/Group B) Some publishers opt out of this option and do not allow access to their journals For details, see www.who.int/hinari/eligibility/en/

14. Who is Eligible for HINARI-AGORA-OARE?

15. HINARI Registrations per Country

16. Primary Target Audiences Eligible categories of institutions are: national universities research institutes professional schools (medicine, nursing, pharmacy, public health, dentistry) teaching hospitals government: ministries and agencies national medical libraries locally based non-governmental agencies All permanent and visiting faculty, staff members and students are entitled to access and can obtain the institutional User Name and Password.

17. Partners  Principal Publishers  Elsevier Science  Springer  Wiley-Blackwell  Sage  Taylor & Francis  Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins  BioOne  Oxford University Press  Nature Publishing  Other science/technical/ medical publishers  Program Partners  World Health Organization - WHO  Food and Agriculture Org. – FAO  United Nations Environment Programme – UNEP  World Intellectual Property Organization - WIPO  Yale University Library  Mann Library/Cornell University  International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers – STM  Information Training and Outreach Centre for Africa  National Library of Medicine  Microsoft  Librarians Without Borders ® /MLA

18. What is the Internet? Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) Expanding global infrastructure; is pan-national (no central control) Regarding information delivery, the most significant change since the development of the printing press in the 15 th century!

19. Internet World Statistics 30 June 2010 http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htmhttp://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

20. Internet Growth Exponential growth for the last few years In 1993, 90,000 people used the Internet; in 2002, 600 million people used the Internet; in 2007, over 1 billion people used the Internet Hardware costs are decreasing year on year While the recent increase of usage in developing countries has been significant, the overall % of users is significantly less than industrialized countries.

22. Internet Architecture Give me file x Here it is Desktop computer - “client” Computer on the Internet holding information - remote “server” Web is based on a client/server architecture using HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Set of rules for communication between Web clients and servers Code is located inside HINARI tells the web browser to open the HINARI website

23. Server/Client Interface SERVERS CLIENTS Hardware + Software Software Protocols

24. Internet Services The World Wide Web or a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet (multiple delivery options) Search tools via WWW (search engines, databases, gateways and portals) Communication (E-mail) Retrieval/information transfer (File Transfer Protocol - FTP)

25. The World-Wide Web WWW, web, W3, World-Wide Web Often what people mean by the Internet Based on hypertext - the ability to link text and documents dynamically and interactively Uses hypertext markup language - HTML The WWW is a global standard Can use text, graphics, sound and video Anyone can link to and make use of the web

26. Delivery: Dial Up Connection Client Computer With Modem ISP Server Internet Phone Line International Gateway Link DIAL-UP CONNECTION Speed of line Quality of line Speed of connection – modem speed: usually 56 kilobytes per second – dial into Internet Service Provider (ISP) – quality of telephone line

27. Delivery: Broadband Connection Speed of connection –LAN Server speed –Bandwidth (minimally 256kbts/s to 1.0 Mbit/s) –Mode of link (radio, leased line, satellite) LAphone line Internet Leased Line Permanent Connection FULL – TIME CONNECTION Speed of line Quality of line Local Area Network LAN Server

28. Access Speed Issues (Bandwidth) Cables vary in speed and amount of information they can carry (bandwidth) Sometimes cables are slow in carrying information or lose the signal, especially if information must cross long distances too much traffic on cable capacity (bandwidth) is low long distances too much traffic on the cable cable capacity, or bandwidth, is low

29. Internet Requirements for HINARI 128 kbps, local area network (LAN), or cable connection required. A hard-wired full-time Internet connection (T1 or better) enables the fastest downloads. Satellite or network connections, though slower, are also adequate. Web Browser - Internet Explorer version 4.0 or Mozilla Firefox 1.0

30. Web Browser Browser is the software that is used to view the Web Standard browser features –scrolling, back, forward, stop, home, refresh Navigation - in built features –back, forward, home, go to, yes, no Search on a single web page Multiple Web browser windows Besides Internet Explorer, there are other options

31. http://www.Mozilla.com/Firefox

32. Browser Customization Toolbar options Link to a specific homepage Using the right click mouse button Using favorites or bookmarks –Adding –Organizing –Editing

33. Adobe Reader for PDFs You will need an Adobe Reader to view journal articles in PDF (Portable Document Format). Adobe Reader can be downloaded for FREE from the Adobe web site: http://getadobe.com/reader/

34. http://get.adobe.com/reader/

35. Java You will need Java to view some articles especially in HINARI Java can be downloaded for FREE from the following website: http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp http://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp

36. http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp

37. This page is being viewed with an Internet Browser. Browsers allow computers to read Hyper Text Mark- up Language OR HTML. In this example we have entered the URL - http://www.who.int/hinari/ - for the HINARI website and clicked on the ENTER or RETURN key.

38. Hypertext links Links to other pages are usually underlined or in another colour of text.

39. Forward and back navigation buttons The arrow buttons on the tool bar allow users to move Back and Forward to pages within the website.

40. Home page button The House icon on the tool bar will take you back to the browser’s default Home Page. This is the end of Module 1.1 There is a Work Book to accompany this part of the module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated 2012 10