1. Unit 9 Test Review Sub-Saharan Africa

2. 1. What’s the difference between primary, secondary, tertiary, & quarternary economic activities?  Primary--uses natural resources directly (like farming)  Secondary—uses raw material to make something of better value  Tertiary—service industry  Quarternary—information processing

3. 2. What is the major rainforest of Africa? On what part of the continent is it located?  The Congo  In Central Africa

4. 3. In the Triangular Trade, where were African slaves taken?  Slaves (and their cultures) were taken primarily to North & South America & the Caribbean

5. 4. What is the Sahel? Where is it located? Describe its climate.  Large grassland area bordering the Sahara desert  Semi-arid steppe climate (more rain than a desert)

6. 5. Define genocide.  The systematic killing or intentional destruction of a race or ethnic group

7. 6. Describe reasons for the fighting in Sudan.  Ethnicity, oil, & desertification  Not considered genocide because the fighting was not to kill an entire race.

8. 7. Describe the difference between commercial farming and subsistence farming.  C—growing large amounts to be sold  S—just growing enough for your family

9. 8. Compare the culture of North Africa to the culture of Sub- Saharan Africa.  N—Islamic, speaks Arabic, more developed  S—Many languages, ethnic groups, & religions (Christianity, animism, tribal religions)

10. 9. Do many people move from Sub-Saharan Africa to the northern coast of Africa? Why or why not?  No, there’s a desert in between

11. 10. What is the Great Rift Valley? Where is it located? What created it?  Canyons, volcanoes, & mountains along the east coast of Africa formed by plates colliding and then splitting apart

12. 11. What religion is most common in North Africa? What religions are practiced in Sub-Saharan Africa?  Islam  Christianity, Animism, tribal religions

13. 12. Do most countries in Africa speak one language or multiple languages? What is the cause of this?  Multiple languages  Lots of European cultures influenced Africa during colonization

14. 13. What is Apartheid? How did it affect the people of South Africa?  Separation of the races in South Africa  Leftover from unequal rights and treatment by Europeans

15. 14. What is a natural boundary? What is a man-man made boundary?  N—border made by a landform (river, lake, mountain, etc)  M-imaginary line drawn by leaders (usually a latitude/longitude line

16. 15. What push factors are affecting Sub-Saharan Africa?  War, diseases, poverty, starvation, desertification

17. 16. Is the climate of Sub-Saharan Africa getting more dry or wet? How is this affecting their economies?  Dry, deserts are getting bigger  Natural & desertification  Less crops, more starvation

18. 17. What natural resources are abundant in Sub-Saharan Africa?  Gold, diamonds, oil, freshwater (in Central Africa)

19. 18. What did Europeans think about Africa and its people before they colonized it?  Primitive, wanted them to be more like Europe

20. 19. How do drought conditions affect a nation’s economy?  No food, must buy food from outside sources to avoid starvation or rely on aid

21. 20. What factors affect the climate of Africa?  Wind currents, climate conditions like little rain, latitude/longitude

22. 21. What parts of Africa have the most dense population? Least dense?  Most—West coast, SE coast  Least—North (Sahara)

23. 22. Describe what conditions make an area a desert.  Receives less than 10 in. of rain/year

24. 23. How can Africa increase trade and tourism across the continent?  Increase safety, make travel easier

25. 24. What are the physical characteristics of a place? What are the cultural characteristics of a place?  Physical—landforms  Cultural—people, government, religion, economy, history

26. 25. Are most African nations considered developed or underdeveloped?  underdeveloped

27. 26. What is a pandemic? In what ways can Africa help fight its AIDS epidemic?  A disease that has spread across a country or continent  Education, working together

28. 27. How have Africans adapted to living in the desert? In the rainforest?  D—irrigation  R—using plants for medicine, trees for homes

29. 28. What is the difference between human adaptation and modification of the environment?  A—You adapt your life to fit in the environment (moving when it floods)  M—You modify the land to fit your needs (build a dam so it won’t flood)

30. 29. What factors give a country a high standard of living?  Higher per capita GDP  Fewer health problems

31. 30. What should a nation do to improve a low standard of living?  Improve medical opportunities