1. The Seismic Spectrum Jonathan Berger Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego Jonathan Berger Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego

4. Earthscope - Permanent Array

6. Model STS-1KS36000IKS5400 Type Force Feedback Geometry 1-component3-component (ortho) Orientation accuracy ±2˚ (with care)±3˚ Output velocity Sensitivity ±1200 v/ms-1 Bandwidth 360 sec - 5 Hz360 sec - 4.2 Hz330 sec - 4.2 Hz Full Scale (V) ±20 V differential Full Scale (Vel) ±8e-3 ms-1±1.2e-2 ms-1 Full Scale (Acc) ±2.5e-3 ms-2±1.9e-2 ms-2 GSN “Long-Period” Sensors

7. Model STS-2CMG-3TGS-13 Type Force Feedback Moving Coil Geometry Triaxial3-component (ortho) Orientation accuracy ±0.3˚ at 6 sec±3˚±2˚ (with care) Output velocity Sensitivity ±750 v/ms-1±1200 v/ms-1±1090 v/ms-1 Bandwidth 120 sec - 50 Hz100 sec - 50 Hz10 Hz (Brick Amp) Full Scale (V) ±20 V differential Full Scale (Vel) ±1.3e-2 ms-1±9.2e-2 ms-1 Full Scale (Acc) ±2e-2 ms-2 GSN “Short-Period” Sensors

8. Model FBA-23Episensor Type FBA Geometry Triaxial Orientation accuracy ±3˚ (with care) Output Acceleration Sensitivity ±0.25 v/ms-2±2 v/ms-2 Bandwidth 50 Hz Full Scale (V) ±2.5 V differential±20 V differential Full Scale (Vel) Full Scale (Acc) ±10 ms-2 GSN “Strong-Motion” Sensors

10. KS54000 ready to go down WRAB Borehole STS1 with bell jar

11. CMG-3T STS-2

12. Paroscientific Micro-barometer FBA23 EpiSensor

13. The GSN Station RAYN Solar powered, Borehole Seismometer

14. The GSN Station AAK The tunnel entrance The GSN Station AAK One of the vaults

15. DGAR - Vault under construction

16. DGAR - The finished product

17. DGAR - Inside the Vault

18. GSN Noise Analysis 118 GSN Stations of the IU and II networks for the year July 2001 through June 2002. Each station-channel data segmented into hourly, 1 to 11 hour segments. noise estimated in 50% overlapping 1/7 decade (∂f/f=0.33, ~1/2 octave) bands.

25. Normal Modes Sources: ~ 20˚ Period: 0.5 to 10 x 10 -3 Hz Amplitudes: to ~10 -5 ms -2

26. Teleseismic Signals Sources: >~ 3000 km Period: 3600 sec to several sec Amplitudes: to ~10 -3 ms -2

27. Regional Signals Sources: >~ 100 km Bandwidth: ~30 sec to 10 Hz Amplitudes: to ~10 -1 Ms -2

28. Local Signals Sources: <~10 km Bandwidth: several seconds to ~30 Hz Amplitudes: to ~10 ms -2

29. Normal Modes

36. 180 dB