1. Using Nature’s Notebook to track seasonal & long term environmental change Nature’s rhythms: LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator September 25, 2015

2. LIFE CYCLE BINGO! Opening Activity

3. Objectives of today’s workshop:  Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world  Understand the importance of record- keeping.  Understand long-term phenology monitoring.  Apply citizen science and phenology!  Learn where to find resources to get started.

4. Just to be clear… phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain phOnology – a branch of linguistics concerned with the organization of sounds in language

5. What do I KNOW about PHENOLOGY?! What do I WANT TO KNOW? THINK, PAIR, SHARE 5 minutes Activity 2

6. http://ed.ted.com/lessons/phenology-and-nature-s-shifting-rhythms-regina-brinker

7. PHENOLOGY

8. What is phenology? The science of the seasons Blooms and buds Hibernation, migration, emergence Easy to observe Photo credit: L. Barnett …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life- cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions. Photo credit: P. Warren

9. Who observes phenology? Scientists Gardeners/Agriculturists Land managers Educators Youth Photo credit: C. Enquist Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: S. Schaffer

11. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

12. U NDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Primary goal Create a standardized, long-term dataset for use in multiple types of research. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. Photo credit: C. Enquist

13. Photo credit: L. Romano

14. Reproduction Development Method Activity ANIMAL >> Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Flowers Fruits Leaves PLANT Observable life cycle events or PHENOPHASES

15. Why are the timing of life-cycle events important? SEASONAL CHANGE Species interrelations Shifting weather and climate affect all of these

16. Vegetable Gardening "Bagatelle potager02" by Spedona (Spedona) - Cliché personnel - own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons

17. Photo credit: E. Stemmy Feeding times Following brackish waters Water temperature Spawning times related to temp - 55° - 68° F in Chesapeake Bay. April peak? Chesapeake Bay Spring Season for Striped Bass = May 16 – June 16 Understanding outdoor recreation schedules

18. Land management decisions Image credit: John McColgan –U.S. Department of Agriculture. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia

19. Observations RECORD KEEPING

20. Using nature as a guide Tradition and Lore http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/ “Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each recurring full moon.” November -Beaver Moon February – Full Worm Moon May – Full Flower Moon Photo credit: B. Powell Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise notedPhoto credit: L. Barnett September – Harvest Moon

21. Jefferson Powell Thoreau

22. Garden re-created Photo credit: Monticello

23. Cloned lilac program H ISTORIC L ILAC N ETWORK E STABLISHED IN THE 1950 S S ANTA R ITA E XPERIMENTAL R ANGE, G REEN V ALLEY, AZ Photo credit: L. Barnett

24. Photo Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region, via Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons Photo credit: L. Barnett

25. David Bertelsen, Naturalist

26. What’s Phenology Finger Rock – Santa Catalina Mtns, Tucson Finger Rock Trail, Santa Catalina Mtns Tucson, AZ Courtesy: T.M. Crimmins

27. Collected by a single individual Collected by a single individual 1984-present 1984-present 1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain 1480+ round-trip hikes (10 miles), 4158’ elevation gain Approximately weekly Approximately weekly 587 flowering plant taxa (group of species) 587 flowering plant taxa (group of species) 155K+ records of plant flowering. 155K+ records of plant flowering. 73,000 vertebrate records 73,000 vertebrate records Photo credit: B. Wilder

28. Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons

29. Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons

30. ECOLOGY & PHENOLOGY

31. Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. It is about… …time

32. Distribution Abiotic Biotic Abundance

33. BIOMES –World’s Major Communities Classified by major vegetation, adaptations to environment Aquatic Grassland Desert Forest Tundra Optimum conditions= NICHE

34. Why is climate important to ecology? Climate drives what occurs where, what lives where, and how those species respond to their environment.

35. PHENOLOGY CLIMATE CHANGE

36. Sea level rise 1-2 inches per decade Birds winter ranges will change – how? Where? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay oaspub.epa.gov/eims/eimscomm.getfile?p_download_id=4011 Frequent and severe floods and drought Reduction in biodiversity How Will Climate Change Affect the Mid-Atlantic Region?

37. Invasive species that thrive in warmer and wetter environments could displace beneficial Mid-Atlantic species and create pest control problems.

38. Phenology and Climate Change Research, spring timing and range A three-way mismatch English Oak Winter Moth Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature EARLIER SAME TIME EACH YEAR EARLIER

39. www.globalchange.gov

40. CHANGES in: Arrival, birth, feeding Shifting range boundaries Changing morphology Extirpation or Extinction Economic impacts http://www.ipcc.ch/

41. What content and skills might PHENOLOGY teach? https://www.usanpn.org/education

42. PHENOLOGY

43. What can PHENOLOGY teach:  English and Language Arts  Social Studies: History, Cultural Studies, and Geography https://www.usanpn.org/education  Healthy Living and Physical Education  Foreign and Native Languages Arts such as music, theater, and visual arts

44. https://www.usanpn.org/education

45. Have a PLAN

46. Make it LONG TERM Intro YEAR 1 YEAR 2YEAR 3 + Intro YEAR 4 Intro Monitoring Analysis Monitoring Analysis

47. Observations SHARED FOR SCIENCE

48. Citizen science …  scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by amateurs or nonprofessionals  public participation in scientific research  (also known as) crowd science, crowd-sourced science, or networked science Quercus alba, Q. falcata, D. Hartel

49. www.scistarter.com

50. ~6,200 active observers ~7,700 active sites 6.3+ records Lilac data from 1956 1016 taxa from 2009

51. https://crowdsourcing-toolkit.sites.usa.gov

54. One or more open, fresh flowers are visible on the plant. Flowers are considered "open" when the reproductive parts (male stamens or female pistils) are visible between or within unfolded or open flower parts (petals, floral tubes or sepals). Do not include wilted or dried flowers. Do you see…open flowers? Velvet mesquite, Prosopis velutina Image credit: Patty Guertin

55. Leaves Flowers Fruits Trees and shrubs – Deciduous with pollen Northern red oak, Quercus rubra Image credit: Ellen G. Denny

56. Quercus rubra phenophases Which phenophases are pictured? What time of year? 1 2 3 4 Image credit: Ellen G. Denny

57. Songbirds Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis Image credit: Ken Thomas via Wikimedia Commons Activity Reproduction Development Method

58. Cardinalis cardinalis 12 3 4 Image credit: Wikimedia commons and Pinterest

59. Breaking leaf buds Leaves Increasing leaf size Colored leaves Flowers or Flower Buds Open Flowers FruitsRipe Fruits Recent fruit or seed drop DECIDUOUS PLANT PHENOPHASES

60. You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!

61. Mobile app interface Image credit: Wikimedia commons "Cornus florida 02 by Line1

62. NEXT STEPS

64. Select plants and animals on school property Visit sites Tucson Phenology Trail sites on field trips

65. ①Saguaro ②Candy barrel cactus ③Buck-horn cholla ④Tree cholla ⑤Velvet Mesquite ⑥Yellow paloverde ⑦Desert ironwood ⑧Brittlebush ⑨Beavertail pricklypear

66. Photo credit: L. Barnett Create accounts in Nature’s Notebook

69. Resources and upcoming events www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines

70. Resources and upcoming events https://www.usanpn.org/nn/connect/project

71. www.usanpn.org/education www.usanpn.org/nn/vignettes www.usanpn.org/nn/webinars

72. What did I LEARN about PHENOLOGY? Closing Activity

73. Objectives of today’s workshop: Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in the natural world Understand the importance of record- keeping. Understand long-term phenology monitoring. Apply citizen science and phenology! Learn where to find resources to get started.

74. Connect with USA-NPN… Become an observer Discover new tools and resources Visit a local phenology trail LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org www.facebook.com/USANPN www.pinterest.com/USANPN www.twitter.com/@loriannebarnett www.instagram/tucson_phenology_trail