1. Social Reform Movements Chapter 9 Section 2

2. Bell Ringer:  What could you have done to have improved your test score?

3. Alcohol  Alcohol was blamed for society’s problems.  Temperance Movement: aimed to persuade others to limit alcohol consumption. Women eventually created the American Temperance Union.  Demanded Prohibition as early as 1846. Maine was the first to outlaw alcohol.  By the mid 1800’s consumption had declined greatly.

4. Women  Believed that they were the moral leader of the family and deserved to acquire the education and training to do so.  Catherine Beecher was a leader fighting for this reform. Believed women had the ability and obligation to influence the men in their lives to become moral citizens.  Emma Willard: Founded the Troy Female Seminary in 1821, to school women in math and philosophy.

5. Education  Mostly Private Schools, public schools were few and poorly funded.  In 1837, Horace Mann united school districts in Mass. Into a state system, raised teacher’s salaries, lengthened the school year, and argued for increased budget.  First public high school opened in 1821.  Little to no effect on the South.

6. College Reform  1800’s opportunities for women and African Americans to attended college expanded.  Oberlin College was the first to admit women and African Americans starting in 1833.  1862: Mary Jane Patterson was the first African American woman to receive a degree.

7. Institutions  Mentally Ill: Reform was fought for by Dorothea Dix.  Found mentally ill in “cages, closets, cellars, stalls, pens” and were “chained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed.”  Rise of Penitentiaries: Where law breakers could be placed to be rehabbed.

8. Prisions  Juveniles were treated the same way as adults.  Sought to change behavior through education not just punishment.

9. Poor Houses  Increase in poverty from city growth and immigration  Establishment of poor houses would keep poverty stricken clean, fed, and motivated to work.  Kept them protected and productive

10. Homework:  Read Chapter 9 Section 2.  Questions 1, 2, 4