1. TEMPERANCE AND THE 18 TH AMENDMENT

2. FROM A RELIGIOUS TO SOCIAL REFORM Began after American Revolution from mostly religious organizations Linked to domestic violence, disease, unemployment, other “un-Christian” behaviors Major changes in in U.S. brought many non- religious members Immigration and abolition of slavery scared people Many states passed restriction before the Civil War

3. ECONOMIC NEEDS The movement hit a wall during Civil War States needed the tax from the sale of alcohol Slavery issue overshadowed temperance To combat this, temperance reformers focused on Women’s rights – stopping domestic violence Health issues – drinking fountains with clean water

4. THE 18 TH AMENDMENT Ratified January 1919 Made the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors” illegal Volstead Acts – Passed October 1919 More specific about what types of alcohol were banned, and when alcohol was allowed Vetoed by Pres. Wilson, over ruled by Congress