1. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 7 Ethics in Nursing Research

2. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: An ethical dilemma occurs when a situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for a rigorous study.

3. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True An ethical dilemma is situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for a rigorous study

4. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ethical Dilemma in Conducting Research A situation in which the rights of study participants are in direct conflict with requirements for a rigorous study

5. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: The Nuremberg Code serves as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by the U.S. government.

6. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False The Belmont Report serves as the basis for regulations affecting research sponsored by the U.S. government. The Nuremberg Code was an international effort to establish ethical standards.

7. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Code of Ethics Nuremberg Code Declaration of Helsinki Belmont Report Codes for professional disciplines (e.g., by the American Nurses’ Association, American Psychological Association )

8. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question What is nonmaleficence? A.Performance of some good B.Protection from physical and psychological harm and exploitation C.Participants right to self-determination D.Freedom to control their own actions

9. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer B Beneficence involves the performance of some good and the protection of participants from physical and psychological harm and exploitation is nonmaleficence. Respect for human dignity involves participants’ right to self-determination, which means they have the freedom to control their own actions.

10. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Justice includes the right to fair treatment and the right to privacy.

11. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Justice includes the right to fair treatment and the right to privacy.

12. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ethical Principles from the Belmont Report 1. Principle of Beneficence: Above all, do no harm Freedom from harm Freedom from exploitation Maximizing benefits to participants and society Maintaining an appropriate risk/ benefit ratio

13. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ethical Principles from the Belmont Report (cont’d) 2. Principle of Respect for Human Dignity Right to self-determination (absence of coercion) Right to full disclosure (absence of deception or concealment)

14. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ethical Principles from the Belmont Report (cont’d) 3. Principle of Justice Right to fair treatment Right to privacy (confidentiality, anonymity)

15. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Informed Consent Informed consent means that participants: Have adequate information about the research Can comprehend that information Have free choice in deciding whether to participate in or withdraw from the study

16. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Content of Informed Consent—What Must Be Communicated? Status as a study participant Study goals Type of data to be collected and procedures to be used Nature of participant’s commitment

17. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Content of Informed Consent (cont’d) Sponsorship of the study Participant selection Potential risks and benefits Treatment alternatives

18. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Content of Informed Consent (cont’d) Confidentiality pledge Voluntary nature of participation Participant’s right to withdraw or withhold information Information on contacting researcher

19. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Vulnerable Subjects Children Mentally or emotionally disabled people Severely ill or physically disabled people Terminally ill people Institutionalized people Pregnant women