1. Dual-use Governance in Synthetic Biology Promises, Hype and Security Brett Edwards, University of Bath

2. Back ground PhD thesis – Why do some aspects of Synthetic Biology attract dual-use concern and not others? Case studies: US and UK Qualitative historical/ constructivist approach. » Security Studies, Risk, STS – National level focus

3. Overview 1) Studying ‘what isn’t there’ 2) Synthetic Biology A Case in Point 3) Findings

4. Studying what isn’t there(1) -Ethical ‘Gold Standard’? -Existing risk assessment frameworks? -Contrast stated objectives with actual achievements in key institutions? -Contrast experiences ‘on the ground’ with policy/academic literature. Which approach to adopt for the purposes of the research?

5. Studying what isn’t there(2) Key aim is to examine political processes which have underpinned the emergence of policy outcomes. – Agency – Institutions/ structures – Ideas Want to examine changes in ‘the feasible ’ with regard policy as well as implementation.

6. Focus of analysis Subject and Scope Politics and Practice National Approach

7. Studying what isn’t there(3) Key Concepts Four Domains of Governance

8. Studying what isn’t there(3) Key Concepts (2) Primary and Secondary Securitization - New channels/ forums - Implementation politics

9. Fair Explanation? Underlying causal mechanisms Unearthing norms: S&T and risk Provision of a theoretical lens

10. Synthetic Biology A Case in Point

11. What is Synthetic Biology (1)? Defined initially by funding councils – Fed into ethical framings in Both the US and UK EU Ethics reports and SynBerc. Promissory Interdisciplinary Controllable Biology/ Controllable Risks Applications of Engineering Principles?

12. What is Synthetic Biology (2)? Six subfields (Lam et al 2009) – DNA circuits standard biological parts – Synthetic metabolic pathways biological synthesis of chemicals – Proto-cell creation model of a cell – Unnatural components New proteins, with functions – Synthetic Microbial Consortia Cells, working together

13. Dual-use concerns about synthetic Biology (1) Spread of concern – DNA Synthesis  Academic Field  Amateur Community Key areas of concern. – Scenarios/ and pre-existing concerns with oversight.

14. Dual-use concerns about synthetic Biology (1)

15. Key findings Roles and successes and failings of specific institutions – NSABB/ ELSI dead zone Rhetoric belies little governmental interest Simularity of US and UK – ELSI is king Role of concerns about ‘Top- down’ Securitization Externalisation of dual-use concerns about biodefense Patch-work of responses.

16. Further questions Risk and dual-use Generalizability – Other fields/ other countries Future relevance of ELSI in Synbio? Militarization

17. Thank you!