1. The Road to World War II

2. Worldwide Depression Countries short of supplies Countries short of supplies Still trying to recover from World War I Still trying to recover from World War I Economic hard- times worldwide Economic hard- times worldwide

3. Europe in the 1930’s Adolph Hitler Adolph Hitler Rise because of WWI Rise because of WWI Criticized rather than submitted a plan for progress Criticized rather than submitted a plan for progress Forced his way into the chancellorship Forced his way into the chancellorship

4. January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany

5. The Rise of Dictators Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I Germany didn’t have enough money to do this Germany didn’t have enough money to do this Adolph Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. Adolph Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Blamed Jews for many of the problems. (This is trouble) Blamed Jews for many of the problems. (This is trouble)

6. German Dictator, Adolph Hitler

7. National Socialists, or Nazis Political party with Hitler in charge Political party with Hitler in charge Grew in power and started an army Grew in power and started an army Soldiers, called storm troopers Soldiers, called storm troopers Attacked Jewish people and others opposed to Hitler Attacked Jewish people and others opposed to Hitler Used the symbol called Used the symbol called “Swastika” to represent “Swastika” to represent their political party their political party

8. Nazis in Control 1933 took control of German government 1933 took control of German government Hitler ruled as a dictator, an all-powerful ruler. Hitler ruled as a dictator, an all-powerful ruler. Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. Built tanks, guns and other war supplies Built tanks, guns and other war supplies Hitler wanted to Rule the World Hitler wanted to Rule the World Put prisoners into terrible prisons called concentration camps. Put prisoners into terrible prisons called concentration camps.

9. Hitler soon ordered a program of rearming Germany Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

10. The War Begins Japan, Italy, and Germany began taking over other countries. Japan, Italy, and Germany began taking over other countries. Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland British and French leaders had had enough! British and French leaders had had enough! Declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939. Declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939. British and French not able to stop Germany from taking over other countries. British and French not able to stop Germany from taking over other countries.

11. March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhineland The Rhineland was a region of Germany that was ‘demilitarised’ after the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was not allowed to have troops in the region. Hitler’s actions showed how he was willing to directly challenge the treaty.

12. March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed Austria Again, this went against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from uniting with Austria. However, the arrival of German troops was met with great enthusiasm by many Austrian people.

13. March 1939: Germany invaded Czechoslovakia Hitler ordered the occupation (control of a territory by foreign military forces) of a part of Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland (in October 1938). Many hoped that that this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. However, in March 1939, he ordered his troops to take over the remainder of Czechoslovakia. This was the first aggressive step that suggested that a war in Europe would soon begin.

14. The United States Many thought we should stay out Many thought we should stay out President Franklin Roosevelt promised to keep us out of the war. President Franklin Roosevelt promised to keep us out of the war. Prepared for attack just in case. Prepared for attack just in case. 1 st peacetime draft 1 st peacetime draft Men ages 21-39 had to register Men ages 21-39 had to register Started making war supplies Started making war supplies

15. U.S. Enters the War December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. Dropped bombs on American ships at the Pearl Harbor naval base. Dropped bombs on American ships at the Pearl Harbor naval base. In less than two hours, Japan had destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific fleet. In less than two hours, Japan had destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific fleet. More than 2,000 sailors and 68 civilians were killed. More than 2,000 sailors and 68 civilians were killed.

16. Sweden Germany did not see Sweden as a threat. Germany did not see Sweden as a threat. Sweden acted as a refuge for many Jews fleeing the Nazis. Sweden acted as a refuge for many Jews fleeing the Nazis. There were huge iron ore deposits in Sweden, which were vitally important to Germany and were safe as long as Sweden remained neutral. There were huge iron ore deposits in Sweden, which were vitally important to Germany and were safe as long as Sweden remained neutral.

17. Germany was more interested in conquering Norway so just used the railroads in Sweden Germany was more interested in conquering Norway so just used the railroads in Sweden Swedes had a very large and strong military that would have been trouble for the Germans Swedes had a very large and strong military that would have been trouble for the Germans

18. Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non- aggression pact’. They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war. As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon. August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

19. But, the pact allowed Germany to march into Poland without fear of an attack from Russia. On 3 rd September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started a War with Britain and France. September 1939: Germany invaded Poland German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

20. May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlands In May 1940, Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack France and the Netherlands. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. Captured British troops, May 1940

21. By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe. Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

22. Germany’s Attack in Europe Polish invasion Polish invasion Sept. 1, 1339 Sept. 1, 1339 Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg Warsaw Ghetto Warsaw Ghetto

23. Germany’s Attack in Europe ( April/May 1940) Denmark and Norway Denmark and Norway Hitler invaded and occupied Denmark and Norway to safeguard supply routes Hitler invaded and occupied Denmark and Norway to safeguard supply routes Belgium and France Belgium and France Britain Britain Winston Churchill did not want to give up Winston Churchill did not want to give up

24. September 1940-May 1941: the Blitz For the following nine months, the German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. This was known as the BLITZ and was an attempt to bomb Britain into submission.

25. Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made. This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War.

26. 26 Quick Facts A. War Costs 1.US Debt 1940 - $9 billion US Debt 1945 - $98 billion 2.The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776 B. Human Costs 1.50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) 2.21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians) 3.11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

27. 27 When? 1939 Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war ) Sept. 3 - Britain & France declare war on Germany Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War 1941 May - Germans Surrender Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender 1945 1939-1945 US involvement 1941-1945

28. 28 Major Leaders Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy

29. 29 How Did Hitler Make War? Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” In the next year, Hitler invades: Denmark Norway The Netherlands, France Hitler in Paris

30. 30 US Assistance Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies: Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies: Lend-Lease - 1939 US “lent” war materials to cash-strapped Great Britain London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze Atlantic Charter US secretly meets with England to commit to defeating Germany

31. 31 Meanwhile … in the Pacific Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy” Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy” USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor What? Surprise attack by the Japanese on American forces in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Effect US declares war on Japan & other Axis powers

32. Germany’s Attack in Europe Balkans Balkans Russia Russia US isolation US isolation

33. Maximum Axis Control (Sept 1942)

34. Allied Counterattacks in Europe Soviet Soviet North Africa North Africa Italy Italy Normandy Normandy Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge

36. Allied Counterattacks in Europe Surrender Surrender Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan

37. Japan’s Invasion China China Blockade Blockade Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Southeast Asia Southeast Asia

38. Allied Counterattacks in the Pacific Midway Midway Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Island hopping Island hopping Japanese main islands Japanese main islands

39. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history /worldwars/wwtwo/