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Section 4-1: Introduction to the Cell
Chapter 4: The Cell Section 4-1: Introduction to the Cell
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Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke (1665) Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
The cell theory Matthias Schleiden (1838) Theodor Schwann (1839) Rudolf Virchow (1855)
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Section 4-2 Introduction to Cells
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Cell Diversity Shape Size Determine function
Limits: Surface area to volume ratio (Figure 4-5)
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Cells Basic Parts Two types Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Control center
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
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Human Cell To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Prokaryotic Cell To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism
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Multi-Cellular Organism To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Eukaryotic Cell To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Cell Organelles and Features
Section 4-3 Cell Organelles and Features
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Cell Membrane Function - Selectively permeable Structure
Phospholipid bilayer Membrane proteins Peripheral Integral Cholesterol Fluid mosaic model
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Phospholipid To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Phospholipid Molecules To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Membrane Proteins Peripheral Integral
Recognition – carbohydrate chains Connections Receptors Integral Channels Pumps
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Q.O.D. Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis and what is their role?
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The Nucleus Nuclear matrix Nuclear envelope Chromatin/Chromosomes
Nuclear pores Chromatin/Chromosomes Nucleolus
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Nucleus via TEM To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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The Organelles Cytoplasm/Cytosol Mitochondria Function: energy (ATP)
Structure: Double membrane Cristae – inner membrane Matrix and intermembrane space Contain own DNA Divide on their own Contain own ribosomes
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Mitochondrion To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Enodplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes Free or attached Made of proteins + RNA Function: Protein synthesis Enodplasmic Reticulum Structure: Membranous tubules and sacs Smooth ER vs. Rough ER Function depends on type of ER
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Endoplasmic Reticulum To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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What are the roles of the cytoskeleton?
Q.O.D. What are the roles of the cytoskeleton?
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Golgi Apparatus To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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Golgi apparatus Vessicles Packages and delivers
Flattened stack of membranes Modifies proteins to be exported Vessicles Lysosomes – Hydrolytic enzymes Peroxisomes Protein synthesis
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Processing of Proteins
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features Chapter 4 Processing of Proteins
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Cytoskeleton Functions Shape/Size Support Movement Structures
Microfilaments - actin Microtubules Spindle fibers
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Cilia Flagella Centrioles Short, hair-like projections Beat in waves
Unicellular organisms Respiratory tract Flagella Long, tail Whipping motion Centrioles
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Section 4-4 Plant Cells
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Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells Chapter 4 Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
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Plant Cells
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Plant Cells Cell Wall Vacuoles Support and protection Cellulose
Primary/Secondary Vacuoles Storage Large, central
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Plastids Features: Types: Own DNA, ribosomes Reproduce on their own
Two membranes Types: Chloroplast Thylakoids and grana (granum) Stroma
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Chloroplast To return to the chapter summary click escape or close this document.
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The Chloroplast
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