1. Element content of Fusarium-infected wheat genotypes Szeged – Timişoara axis for the safe food and feed SZETISA1 HURO/0901/147/2.2.2 Reporting period: 01.06. 2011 – 30.09. 2011 Disclaimer The content of this page does not necessarily represent the official position of the European Union. 2nd Progress Report Meeting Szeged, 22-23 September, 2011 Erdei László, Pető Andrea, Csiszár Jolán Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged

2. The wheat quality and consumer safety is threatened by Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused by i.e. Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and F. avenaceum. Diseased spikelets exhibit symptoms of premature bleaching shortly after infection. Hypothesis: Fusarium infection influences physiological, biochemical and membrane-transport characteristics of the plant resulting in altered mineral composition of the grain.

3. Visible effects of Fusarium sp. on wheat

4. I. Gathering wheat ears and flag leaves 17. 06. 2010. Kecskéstelep, Cereal Research Nonprofit Kht. 1. GK Mini Manó/Nobeokabozu wheat population (Prof. Mesterházy Ákos ) Genetic mapping population with 350 members. The Fusarium resistance is a complex, quantitative character. The aim is to develop lines with several resistance genes. After crossing, the progenies will be inbred to increase the homogenity (recombinant inbred lines)

5. 1. GK Mini Manó/Nobeokabozu genetic mapping population (Prof. Mesterházy Ákos ) Nobeokabozu: FHB resistant line A recombinant line from China: ‘WSY’, Wangshubai/Sumai3/Yangangfanzhou GK Mini Manó Arthur 71 / Sava // Rusalka / NS 171.2 /3/ F 30.74 Resistant line to e.g. leaf rust

6. I. Gathering wheat ears and flag leaves 18. 05. 2011. Kecskéstelep, Cereal Research Nonprofit Kht. 1. GK Mini Manó/Nobeokabozu wheat population (Prof. Mesterházy Ákos ) The aim is to develop lines with several Fusarium resistance genes. After crossing, the progenies will be inbred to increase the homogenity (recombinant inbred lines)

7. I. Sampling before inoculation 18. 05. 2011. 3-3 ears with stem were taken for ROS and NO detections The fluorescens investigations were done as soon as it was possible Determination of photosynthetic parameters on selected plants (Ferenc Horváth and Barnabás Wodala)

8. Timetable - Planned chronology 1rst measurements and sampling: 05.18. Inoculation: 05. 26. with Fusarium culmorum (Fc12551) and F. graminearum (Fg46.06 ) isolates The bags were removed after 2 - 3 days II. sampling after the symptomes will be developed (ca. after 3 weeks) III. seeds will be harvested after another 3 weeks

9. Lines inoculated with two Fusarium species: Fusarium culmorum Fusarium graminearum

10. Line 561 – very resistant against Fusarium (Sumai3 from China) 1/a – inoculated with Fusarium culmorum 2/a – inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

11. Line 474 – earlier Fusarium resistant (alias 484), high Mn level in the ear 1/a – inoculated with Fusarium culmorum 2/a – inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

12. Line 501– earlier Fusarium resistant (alias 515), low Mn level in the ear 1/a – inoculated with Fusarium culmorum 2/a – inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

13. Line 483 – earlier Fusarium sensitive (alias 493), high Mn level in the ear 1/a – inoculated with Fusarium culmorum 2/a – inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

14. Line 488 – earlier Fusarium sensitive (alias 500), low Mn level in the ear 1/a – inoculated with Fusarium culmorum 2/a – inoculated with Fusarium graminearum

15. Accumulation of Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn mikroelements and K, Ca Mg macroelements in different plant parts Comparison of element concentrations in flag leaf, culm, green ear, and in the ripe ear in grains and husks Wheat lines: Sumai-3: resistant to Fusarium („line 561”) Lines regarded as resistant: „474”, „501” Lines regarded as sensitive: „483”, „488” To be observed: gradients of element within the upper parts of the plant

16. ResistantSensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of Cu: from flag leaf to chaff

17. Resistant Sensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of Mn: from flag leaf to chaff

18. Resistant Sensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of Fe from flag leaf to chaff

19. Resistant Sensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of Zn: accumulation in grain

20. Resistant Sensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of K: accumulation in culm

21. Resistant Sensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of Ca: accumulation in chaff

22. Resistant Sensitive High Mn Low Mn General gradient of Mg: from flag leaf to chaff

23. Accumulation of Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn mikroelements and K, Ca Mg macroelements in different plant parts: Comparison of wheat lines and their responses to Fusarium inoculation To be observed: -direction of transport (e.g. from schaff to grain, Cu, Zn) -Effects of inoculation

31. Conclusion Gradient s of element concentrations are different from flag leaf to the grain usually decerasing (Cu, Mn, Fe) but increasing for Zn only xylem transport, Ca (it is known fact), resulting in accumulation in the chaff accumulation in the tissue of the culm (K). Direction of transport (e.g. from schaff to grain, Cu, Zn) Effects of inoculation, maybe artefact:

32. Thank you for your attention and for the useful suggestions!!!