1. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Energy – a balancing act Sarah Schenker Nutrition Scientist Georgine Leung Nutrition Scientist 16 th June 2010

2. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Overview What is energy? Energy balance: In vs. Out

3. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 What is energy? 1kJ = 1000J 1MJ = 1000kJ 1kcal = 4.18kJ The power to do work, or produce heat or light. Measured in kilojoules (kJ) or megajoules (MJ).

4. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Energy from food Carbohydrate (16kJ/g) Protein (17kJ/g) Fat (37kJ/g) Macronutrients:

5. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Alcohol? 1 gram of alcohol provides 29kJ.

6. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Nutrient contribution to energy

7. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Energy intakes Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)

8. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Question If we include alcohol in our diet, provision of energy from which macronutrient should decrease?

9. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Energy needs vary Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Age - Sex - Body size/composition Level of physical activity

10. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Basal metabolic rate (BMR) Rate of energy use to maintain basic functions of the body. Accounts for 75% of an individual’s energy needs. Men usually have a higher BMR than women.

11. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Physical activity levels (PAL) Intensity and duration. Children and young people: at least 60 mins (every day). With activities for bone strength, muscle strength and flexibility. Adults: at least 30 mins (5 times per week). Energy expenditure = BMR x PAL

12. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Why do men have higher BMRs? a.Men tend to have more muscle. b.Men tend to be bigger. c.Both of the above. d.Men tend to be more active. e.All of the above.

13. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Key stages in life Children Adolescents Adults Older adults

14. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Energy balance Energy in Food and drinks Energy out Activity

15. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 How much activity? Walking the dog Running Swimming Watching TV

16. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Positive energy balance Energy in Food and drinks Energy out Activity

17. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Being overweight and obese increases risk of: certain cancers; heart disease; Stroke; Type 2 Diabetes.

18. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Negative energy balance Energy in Food and drinks Energy out Activity

19. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 Being underweight increases risk of: hair loss; dry, patchy skin; weakened immune system; osteoporosis; infertility; heart failure.

20. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 It is very important to achieve a healthy weight Body Mass Index (BMI) = Monitoring energy balance weight ( kg). height (m) x height (m) Recommended BMI range (kg/m 2 ) Underweightless than 18.5 Normal18.5 - less than 25 Overweight25 - less than 30 Obese30 - 40 Very obeseover 40

21. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 How balanced are we? How many people in the UK are overweight or obese? (Please express your answers in percentage.)

22. © British Nutrition Foundation 2010 BNF is grateful for financial support from the Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board to enable us to develop these eSeminars. For further information, go to: www.nutrition.org.uk www.foodafactoflife.org.uk