1. Chemistry Valence Electrons Mrs. McLeod

2. Valence Electrons Valence electrons are the outermost electrons. The amount of valence electrons an element has determines how reactive the element is. In general, elements are most stable when they have 8 electrons in the last energy level. Smart board example

3. Quick Way for Valence E- The group number tells you the number of valence electrons for groups 1-8 A.

4. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider Li Li is in group 1A Take the number of the group it is in and that tells the number of valence electrons Thus, Li has 1 valence electron

5. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider Be Be is in group 2A What group number is the element in? 2 Thus, Be has 2 valence electrons

6. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider B B is in group 3A What group number is the element in? 3 Thus, Be has 3 valence electrons

7. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider C C is in group 4A What group number is the element in? 4 Thus, C has 4 valence electrons

8. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider N C is in group 5A What group number is the element in? 5 Thus, N has 5 valence electrons

9. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider O C is in group 6A What group number is the element in? 6 Thus, O has 6 valence electrons

10. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider Cl C is in group 7A What group number is the element in? 7 Thus, Cl has 7 valence electrons

11. Quick Way for Valence E- Consider Rn C is in group 8A What group number is the element in? 8 Thus, Rn has 8 valence electrons **Helium is an exception to this rule; it only has 2 electrons!**

12. Determine the number of val e- 1) Rb 2) Ne 3) I 4) Te 5) Al 6) P *Check your answers Answers: 1) 1 val e- 2) 8 val e- 3) 7 val e- 4) 6 val e- 5) 3 val e- 6) 5 val e-

13. Determine the number of valence electrons in the following 1) Sodium 2) Nitrogen 3) Aluminum 4) F 5) Ne 6) Si Click this icon to return to this screen

14. Na - Answer 1) IN GROUP 1 Thus number of valence electrons = 1

15. Nitrogen - Answer 2) IN GROUP 5 Thus number of valence electrons = 5

16. Al - Answer 3) IN GROUP 3 Thus number of valence electrons = 3

17. F - Answer 4) IN GROUP 7 Thus number of valence electrons = 7

18. Ne - Answer 5) IN GROUP 8 Thus number of valence electrons = 8

19. Si - Answer 6) IN GROUP 4 Thus number of valence electrons = 4 Click here once you have done all practice problems

20. Valence Electrons Practice Click on the link to visit a Quia Website to test your number of valence electrons http://www.quia.com/quiz/676540.html Do this as a group and do your best (After quiz, return here and continue)

21. Dot Structures Dot Structures show the distribution of valence electrons around the nucleus Rules: 1) Determine number of valence electrons 2) Write chemical symbol 3) Distribute one valence electron at a time –Do not pair (double up) any electrons until there is one electron in each of the four directions 4) If there are still more electrons, pair up electrons once there is one in each of the four directions

22. Example – Dot Structure for O Step 1: O has 6 valence electrons O Step 2: Write chemical Symbol

23. Example – Dot Structure for O O Step 3: Place valence electrons in each of the four directions (north, east, south, & west) = e- Place one in each direction first Double up electrons now This is the correct answer!!!

24. Examples for you Write Dot Structures for: 1) H 2) Ne 3) P 4) Ca 5) Al Click on this icon to come back to this page!

25. Hydrogen Answer H Note: You can place the electron in any direction you like when you have less than 4 electrons

26. Ne Answer Ne

27. P Answer P

28. Ca Answer Ca

29. Al Answer Al

31. Practice worksheet!!! Valence Electrons and Dot structures Interactive Periodic table Smart Board Periodic Table Basics Review Game