1. Warm-Up 1.What gas do we need to breathe to survive? 2.How much of the atmosphere is made of that gas do you think? 3.If you put an index card on a cup of water and turn it upside down what will happen?

2. Warm-Up: Answers 1.We need to breathe oxygen in the atmosphere to survive 2.Oxygen is about 20% of the atmosphere. 3.Let’s find out what happens when we turn the cup over.

3. Warm-Up: Water in the cup demonstration: Before: What will happen to the water? After: Was your hypothesis correct or incorrect? Why do you think this happened?

4. How did that work? Magic Water Glass Trick The card stays in place because air pressure is heavier than the water, and the card experiences about 15 pounds of force pushing upward by the air and only about one pound of force pushing downward from the water - so the card stays in place.

5. How did that work? Gravity pulling water is the blue arrow Air Pressure is shown by the red arrows All of the air here pushes the card up

6. Bill Nye on Atmospheric Pressure 1.What forced the card to stay up? 2.What causes atmospheric pressure? 3.You won’t see clouds until what? 4.By letting the pressure back into the tube, we see ___________ is suspending the guy. Video: Copy these questions down

7. Bill Nye on Atmospheric Pressure http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= QeAp3CuGjk8

8. Air Pressure is, just like it sounds, the force (or pressure) of the air pressing down on the Earth. 1. What is Air Pressure? AIR

10. What happens to a water bottle if you change the air pressure it feels?

11. 2. What happens to a water bottle if you change the air pressure it feels? 2. Air pressure increases as you move down a mountain, so your water bottle will be crushed by the air (more air, so more air pressure)

12. Think of a 1ft. X 1ft. square on the ground, all of the air above that square is pushing down on that square, that is air pressure Air Pressure

13. What’s the difference in Air Pressure between the top of a mountain and sea level? Difference in Elevation

15. Energy Input (Recap) 3. The solar energy coming to Earth is not equally distributed. – The vertical ray of the Sun imparts more energy per area. – An oblique ray imparts less energy. 4. The tropics (vertical ray) receive more energy = hotter. (The equator is the hottest part of Earth) The poles (oblique ray) receive less energy = colder.

16. Energy Input Air circulation is a consequence of thermal convection. 5. Warm air expands, has less pressure, becomes less dense, and rises. 6. The warm air is replaced by sinking, cooler, more dense air. Convection is driven by differential solar heating.

17. 7. What air pressure means for weather: Air moves from high pressure areas to low pressure areas We call this wind and it can also brings storms

18. Air Pressure Map (See all of the different air pressure readings?)

19. What air pressure means for weather: High air pressure= cold weather (usually) Low air pressure = warm weather (almost always)

20. Composition (make-up) of the Atmosphere * Most of Earth’s atmosphere is not made up of oxygen. It’s mostly made of nitrogen. This is good because actually, with too much oxygen we would all die. Our insides would start to “rust!” DRAW THIS

21. Composition (make-up) of the Atmosphere Are these elements heavier or lighter?

22. What is air?

23. Atmosphere 8. The atmosphere is made up of air, which is mostly oxygen and nitrogen (99%). 9. The rest of air is made up of argon, carbon dioxide and other compounds. 10. Though, CO2 only makes up a tiny percentage of air, it affects temperature a lot! 11. Other components of atmosphere are ozone, dust, and water vapor. The affect the absorption of heat and the reflection of light

34. Makeup of Gases in the Atmosphere 12. Most of Earth’s atmosphere is not made up of oxygen. This is good because actually, with too much oxygen we would all die. Our insides would start to “rust!” (Called oxidize) This would happen to our insides...

35. 13. THE HOLE IN THE OZONE IS NOT THE CAUSE OF GLOBAL WARMING. CO2 in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming.

36. 1. Graph the data points (be careful about positive vs. negative temperatures) 2. THEN connect all of the points with a smooth line

37. Draw these on the left of your Atmosphere Graph 0- 5 km

38. The layers… The atmosphere is divided into 4 layers that are based on temperature

39. Label these zones on your graph

40. Label these on your graph Finish drawing this line on your graph

41. Add these notes to the side of your graph beside each layer

42. The Troposphere Layer where we live Layer where weather occurs Densest atmospheric level (because gravity pushes down on it the most) More than 50% of all gases, pollution and life found here Temperature decreases as altitude increases because there is less air present.

43. The Stratosphere Air is very thin There is almost no moisture in this layer so it’s very dry * Contains ozone which absorbs sun rays and keeps us safe from dangerous UV radiation

44. The Mesosphere Protects Earth from meteors Coldest layer Very windy

45. The Thermosphere *Very high temperature (BUT IT IS NOT HOT). *This is because the particles are moving fast but do not touch. * Contains the ionosphere where electricity makes gases light up = The Northern and Southern Lights

46. Northern Lights video (if you haven’t seen it before) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= fVsONlc3OUY

47. The Exosphere The layer above the Thermosphere This is outer space!!!

48. Under your graph we will answer 6 questions. We’re taking a quiz after this so be ready!!!

49. Understanding the Atmosphere Graph 1.Why is the atmosphere divided in four layers? (Hint: What is the X-axis and Y-axis on your graph) 2.Does the temperature increase or decrease with each layer of the atmosphere? Troposphere_______ Mesosphere_________ Stratosphere ______ Thermosphere ______

50. Understanding the Atmosphere Graph 3. Why does temperature decrease in the troposphere? 4. Which layer has the greatest temperature range/ difference? Why?

51. Understanding the Atmosphere Graph 5. Describe the temp. change in the stratosphere? Why is it like this? 6. How could cloud cover impact temperature in the lower atmosphere?

52. Go to: http://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12- Earth-Science-For-High- School/section/15.3/ Flip your paper over and answer the questions about that section