2. Chapter 15 Evolution 15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection

3. Darwin on the HMS Beagle Darwin’s role on the ship was as naturalist and companion to the captain. His job was to collect biological and geological specimens during the ship’s travel.

4. The Galápagos Islands Darwin began to collect mockingbirds, finches, and other animals on the four islands. He noticed that the different islands had slightly different varieties of animals.

5. Almost every specimen that Darwin had collected on the islands was new to European scientists. Populations from the mainland changed after reaching the Galápagos.

6. Darwin Continued His Studies Darwin hypothesized that new species could appear gradually through small changes in ancestral species. Artifical selection – selective breeding of organisms selected for certain traits Darwin inferred that if humans could change species by artificial selection, then perhaps the same process could work in nature.

7. Natural Selection Natural selection – theory of evolution based on 4 ideas; over-production, variation, inheritance and the advantages of specific traits in an environment

8. 1.Individuals in a population show variations. 2.Variations can be inherited. 3.Overproduction of offspring than can survive on available resources. 4.Variations that increase reproductive advantage will have a greater chance of being passed on.

9. The Origin of Species Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859. – Evidence for evolution and natural selection is the mechanism Evolution –hereditary changes in groups of living organisms over time