1. Light Waves Light waves transfer _______ and can be manipulated in predictable ways! energy

2. Special Note: Visible light makes up the only range of wavelengths that humans can see. All these wavelengths combine to make white light. (sun light, most light bulbs) White light is a combination of all the colors of light.

3. There are four types of wave manipulations. The first one is: reflection

4. reflection: defined as Waves bounce back when they hit a surface they cannot pass through

5. Reflection illustrated as

6. You see objects and color because the reflected light travels to your eyes. Light that is not reflected is absorbed by the object.

7. A second type of manipulation is absorption

8. absorption: defined as The transfer of light energy into an object or a particle of matter.

9. absorption: illustrated as

10. We see white because all the colors of light are reflected. We see black because all the colors of light are absorbed.

11. A third type of manipulation is refraction

12. refraction: defined as Waves bend and change directions as they pass at an angle from one type of medium to another.

13. refraction: illustrated as Light passing through different mediums: air to water

14. A toy car can serve as a model to help us understand why the light bends.

15. Is the pencil broken, or what?? Light bends as it passes from air to glass to water

16. More examples of refraction: Why are the bends different? How is water different from syrup?

17. Visible Light and Refraction Light bends as it passes from the air into the glass prism. Some colors refract more than others because of their different wavelengths.

18. A fourth type of manipulation is diffraction

19. diffraction: defined as The bending of waves around the edge of a small object or through a small opening.

20. Diffraction: illustrated as

21. Observing diffraction using a CD Light is diffracted around the tiny ridges on the CD

22. Diffraction makes the edges of a shadow look blurry.

23. Because light waves have much shorter wavelengths, they don’t diffract as easily as sound waves which have much longer wavelengths. This explains why we hear sounds around the corner, but we don’t see objects around the corner. Try the straw demo for yourself!

25. C. When two or more waves meet, they have an effect on each other. This interaction is called ______________. interference.

26. D. When waves combine and work together to make a wave with a larger amplitude, ______________ occurs. constructive interference

27. E. When waves with different amplitudes interact and create waves with smaller or zero amplitudes, ____________________ occurs. destructive interference Waves cancel each other out—you hear no sound from the speaker!

28. reflection: illustrated as

29. Interesting note about yesterday’s lab: If the end of the slinky is held in place (like yours was!), crests will reflect as troughs and troughs will reflect as crests. The wave will return inverted, or upside down. See video.See video When a wave encounters a boundary in its medium, (such as your partner’s hand), it reflects off that boundary. That is, the wave is sent back in the direction it came from.

30. Diffraction with 2 holes and 3 barriers