2.  The major challenge in India was that they had multiple religions. Sikhism Hinduism Islam  Sikh and Hindu mobs slaughtered Muslims fleeing into Pakistan  Muslims massacred Hindu and Sikh neighbors

3.  Federal System- powers are divided between strong central government and smaller local governments  Do we have a federal system in the United States?  Nehru Dynasty – Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, and Rajiv Gandhi

4.  1 st Congress Party – Wanted self rule of India from Great Britain (mostly Hindu’s)  BJP – Bharatiya Janata Party  They wanted the government to be based off of Hindu principles.  When they rose to power conflict began to rise between Hindu’s and Muslims

5.  Ayodhya – The BJP backed a plan to destroy a mosque in Ayodhya because they claimed it stood on sacred Hindu land  The BJP wanted a Hindu temple there

6.  Indira Gandhi – She was killed by two of her Sikh bodyguards  This ignited battles between Hindu’s and Sikhs  Rajiv Gandhi – He was assassinated in 1991  Violence continued between Tamil- speaking Hindu’s and Buddhist in Sri Lanka

7.  Adopted socialist model by drawing up 5 year plans to set economic goals and manage resources  India lacked oil and natural gas. This cost impacted there economic growth.  Education – Indian government built schools and universities. The literacy rate went up, but unevenly  Boys were higher than girls

8.  Farming – Nehru tried to make India self sufficient by using the Green Revolution  New seed, chemical fertilizer, and irrigation methods helped crop output.  However, only farmers with enough land and money could afford to grow the new crops  Most farmers still used the old methods and tried to rely on monsoons

9.  Overpopulation?  Reform economically?

10.  In the 1930’s Gandhi campaigned to end the inhumane treatment of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans – children of God  India’s 1950 constitution banned discrimination against the untouchables  Was it successful? Why or why not?  Women – at independence women gained the right to vote along with other legal rights