1. Flagella

2. Cytoplasm Storage Granules Plasmids Ribosomes Genome Cytoplasmic Membrane Cell Wall Outer Membrane Peptidoglycan Pili Sex Pili Flagella Capsule Spores Basics of Bacterial Morphology

3. Long, rigid protein rods that provide movement to many motile bacteria. Flagella The final structures that passes through the cell wall. ( 鞭毛 )

5. Salmonella flagella ~ 6–8 per bacterial cell Peritrichous ( 周生 ) arrangement Basal body, hook and filament 5 to 10 µm long/20 nm diameter ~20,000 flagellin ( 鞭毛蛋白 ) subunits

6. Structure of Flagella

8. Growth of Flagellar Filaments Flagellin subunits travel through the flagellar core and attach to the growing tip.

9.  Motility Death or survival Position The important role of flagella  Classification E. coli

10.  Motility Flagella-based motility works best in nonviscous liquids Requires considerable amount of ATP to run the flagellar motor Chemotaxis allows directional movement

11. Flagella Movie

12. The number and arrangement of flagella on a cell is part of its GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS and is used to describe each species.  Classification Not all bacterial species are motile.

13. Arrangements Monotrichous: one at end Amphitrichous: both ends Lophotrichous: tuft at end or ends Peritrichous: around the cell

14. Monotrichous Poritrichous Lophotrichous Amphitrichous