1. A new beginning for Europe

2.  After the fall of Rome to barbarians their culture was lost for many years  Islamic merchants discovered the works and translated them into Arabic and preserved their history

3.  Early Renaissance  More realistic bodies  High Renaissance Italy (end of 15 th C)  Depth (perspective)  Idealistic bodies  Classical themes/Religious  Emotions

4.   Marry Magdalene  David 

5.  Mona Lisa ->  Last Supper

6.  School of Athens  Sistine Madonna

7.  Sistine Chapel  The “spark”  David

8.  Realistic  Facial Expressions  Attention to detail  Often a focus on Christian themes or everyday life

9.  Realistic portrayals of bodies greatly impacted science/medicine  Although not considered nobles art became a respected occupation any could join

10.  Three new focuses during the Renaissance  A focus on the individual  Growth of secularism  Revival of the Classics

11.  Artists  Merchants: People that traded goods  Received goods from Asia-Africa to Italy and spread to the rest of Europe  Humanists: Students/Teachers, these people thought that by studying the classics one could improve their life

12.  Machiavelli: Said it was better to be feared than loved as a political leader. Also said that in politics you may need to go against your morals to help the nation  Erasmus: Said that good Christian characteristics were key to being respected and followed by your subjects

13.  Francesco Petrarch: Writer and poet. He believed a study of classical writers would improve society. He also wrote in the vernacular  Dante: Wrote the Divine Comedy also in the vernacular.  Inferno, Purgatorio, Paraiso

14.  Thomas More: Famous for his work entitled Utopia  Claimed that government was corrupt and that ownership was bad for society  Starting of Socialism  William Shakespeare: Most famous English author. Realistic characters

15.  One of the keys to the spread of knowledge was merchants  Second key was Johannes Gutenberg  Printing press made it possible to mass produce books  Increased literacy