4. Chronic Villi Sampling (CVS) 1 st trimester Chorionic villi (fetal cells) scraped off & suctioned Cells and chromosomes examined Danger: 1% death rate

6. Amniocentesis 11 th -18 th week of pregnancy Amniotic fluid & shed fetal cells obtained Chromosomes can be studied Danger: 1 in 200 risk of miscarriage

8. Ultrasound Visualizes the fetus Like sonar: sounds waves echo to produce an image May help ID age, multiple fetus’, complications No risk

15. Essay #4 If there is a known genetic disorder in one or more individuals in her or her husband’s family, should a pregnant woman be required to have prenatal testing done to determine whether her unborn child carries the disorder? Give reasons for your answer. Essay Format: – Ink or typed (no pencil) – Add title and date – Minimal length = ¾ page – If typed: 1” margins, 12-point times new roman font, double spaced. – Complete essays (Introduction, body, conclusion) – Spellcheck and proofread