1. Themes, loose ends & new research topics THEMESLOOSE ENDSNEW RESEARCH TOPICS Sustainable land and water management Landscape management and environmental health 1.Integrating scientific evidence from phase I into technology packages for scaling out in phase 2: Water management 1. Supplementary irrigation 2. Tradeoff analysis on crop residue- livestock interactions, including irrigated fodder 3. Enhancing and maintaining soil and water resources Productivity enhancement through intensified crop-livestock systems 1. Integrating scientific evidence from phase I into technology packages for scaling out in phase 2: Use of micro dealers Cost benefit analysis Gender analysis Shift in labour distribution 2. Crop-livestock diversification and human nutrition 3. Low productivity of beans in the maize/legume system 4. Expansion of forage based research to meet different livestock needs 5. Labour saving technologies 1.Agro-chemicals use and fate 2.Strengthen crop-livestock re-programming (different livestock species ) 3.Risk management (crop insurance) Food and feed safety, and post harvest management 1. Integrating scientific evidence from phase I into technology packages for scaling out in phase 2: 2. Food processing and value addition 1. Nutrition – value addition and food safety

2. THEMESLOOSE ENDSNEW RESEARCH TOPICS Markets, institutions and partnerships1.Making R4D platforms more effective and inclusive (facilitation, gender, youth, other actors) 2.Seed systems strengthening/business model (vegetables, forages and legumes) 3.Need to strengthen market linkages (private sector ) 1. Research on gender transformative approaches Research on out scaling of technologies and networking (linked to RO 3 – scaling) 1.Investigating diffusion of the technologies 2.Strengthening partnerships incl. FtF initiatives 3.Testing applicability of farm typology characterization for scaling/targeting 1.Science of scaling (modeling, geospatial analysis, agro-dealer networks, information dissemination, ICT) 2.Develop a decision support tools for farmers (data management, typologies, baseline data) Themes, loose ends & new research topics

3. Crosscutting : Gender integration Communication & Knowledge management Nutrition Capacity development Cross learning across sites Monitoring and Evaluation