1. 1 Landraces : Infra-specific Diversity & Adaptive Divergence Of an Endangered Evolutionary Link [4]

2. On-Farm Research, Breeding & Selection - WLRs

3. On-Farm Research, Breeding & Selection  Entry point for building participants skills & knowledge in PGR  Empowers women, rural institutions & small- holder farmers in community-based crop improvement & biodiversity enhancement  Enhance crop diversity & increase crop yield

4. Farmer Selection Criteria  Environmental: Tolerance to soil limitations Tolerance to soil limitations Tolerance to climatic factors Tolerance to climatic factors Biotic pressures Biotic pressures  Agronomic criteria Yield Yield Flexibility in planting & harvest Flexibility in planting & harvest Crop morphology Crop morphology

5. Farmer Selection Criteria  Culture, production & use: Labor demand Labor demand Processing Processing Culinary Culinary Storage Storage  Ancillary features Quality & palatability of straw Quality & palatability of straw

6. Centralized, Non-participatory

7. De-centralized Participatory PB

8. Impact on [Bio]diversity  Different entries selected by different (same) farmers in different locations  Heterogeneous populations

9. Objectives Farmers and researchers work together as partners in “technology” development, Farmers and researchers work together as partners in “technology” development, Earlier adoption of new technology by “participating” farmers Earlier adoption of new technology by “participating” farmers Farmers inputs needed for modification/innovation Farmers inputs needed for modification/innovation Farmers’ assessment may vary (biophysical/socioeconomic circumstances) Farmers’ assessment may vary (biophysical/socioeconomic circumstances) Conducted under a wide range of conditions (compared to on-station) Conducted under a wide range of conditions (compared to on-station) Realistic input/output data for financial analyses Realistic input/output data for financial analyses Provide important diagnostic information about farmers’ problems. Provide important diagnostic information about farmers’ problems.

10. Types of on-farm Experimentation Designed and managed by scientistsDesigned and managed by scientists Designed by scientists and managed by farmersDesigned by scientists and managed by farmers Designed and managed by farmers.Designed and managed by farmers.

11. PPB is a strategy to:  Strengthen on-farm “conservation”  Encourage farmers to search, select & manage “local” crop populations.

12. The process can be composed of the following steps: Locate “crop” agro-ecosystems and identify interested communities Locate “crop” agro-ecosystems and identify interested communities Organize “diversity” fairs for locating “crop” diversity, collect germplasm & IK Organize “diversity” fairs for locating “crop” diversity, collect germplasm & IK Understand and monitor local “crop” diversity Understand and monitor local “crop” diversity Analyze option for adding benefits Analyze option for adding benefits Set breeding goals for PPB and parent selection with community participation Set breeding goals for PPB and parent selection with community participation Agree on roles of farmers and researchers Agree on roles of farmers and researchers Select for “diversity” Select for “diversity” Strengthen farmers’ seed exchange systems for diffusion/adoption Strengthen farmers’ seed exchange systems for diffusion/adoption