1. Date: January 21, 2016 Topic: Linkage Institutions and Participation Aim: How are citizens linked to government? Do Now: Take a packet.

4. Court Cases Involving Apportionment  Baker v. Carr (1960)  Does the Supreme Court have jurisdiction over issues of legislative apportionment?  The court does have jurisdiction over these issues. The Court can hear these cases.  Wesberry v Sanders (1964)  State of Georgia’s apportionment scheme diluted a persons right to vote. *US Congressional Districts. vote.  Reynolds v. Sims (1964)  Established equal voting districts and “one person one vote” doctrine (one persons vote as equal to another). *State districts.

5. Linkage Institutions  Elections  Political Parties  Provide people with alternative views of how the country should be run.  They nominate candidates and identify themselves as Democrats, Republicans, etc.  Interest Groups  Organize people with common attitudes and beliefs to influence government. Ex: lobbying  Media  Most of us learn about candidates from the media.

7. What Americans Value: Political Ideologies  Liberals  Liberals:  Less military spending  Opposed to prayer in schools  Favor affirmative action  Tax the rich more  Solve the problems that cause crime  Conservatives  Conservatives:  More military spending  Support prayer in schools  Oppose affirmative action  Keep taxes low  Should stop “coddling criminals”

8. The American People  The Graying of America  Fastest growing group is over 65.  Potential drain on Social Security by 2020.  People who have been promised benefits expect to get them especially when they have been contributing to them all of their lives.  Elderly typically vote against school budgets.  One advantage that no other group has - we are all going to get older.