1. Biochemistry Review / Crash Course

2. Classification of monosaccharides classified by type of carbonyl group aldoses - polyhydroxylaldehydes ketoses - polyhydroxylketones

3. Classification of monosaccharides classified by number of carbons trioses - 3 carbon sugars –aldehydic triose or aldotriose –ketonic triose or ketotriose tetroses pentoses hexoses heptoses etc.

4. Cyclic hemiacetals formed by intramolecular reaction represented by Haworth projection formulas  -D-glucopyranose (Haworth projection) pyran D-glucose (linear form)

5. Anomers cyclization forms a new asymmetric carbon two possible stereoisomers could result inconvert in a process called mutarotation  -D-Glucopyranose  -D-Glucopyranose  

6. Cyclic hemiketals furan D-fructose (linear form)  -D-Fructofuranose

7. Disaccharides Glucose  anomer of Maltose  -D-Glucopyranosyl-(1  4)-  -D-glucopyranose

8. Disaccharides Glucose Fructose Sucrose  -D-Glucopyranosyl-(1  2)-  -D-fructofuranoside

9. Polysaccharides (glycans)

10. Storage Polysaccharides: Amylose

11. Branch Main chain starch (amylopectin) branches every 24 to 30 glucoses glycogen branches every 8 to 12 glucoses Storage Polysaccharides: Amylopectin

13. Amylopectin amylase Free Glucose molecules hydrolysis

14. Preparatory Phase of Glycolysis (figure 14-2a)

15. Payoff Phases of Glycolysis (figure 14-2b)

16. Overall Glycolysis: produces two ATP, two NADH, and 2 pyruvates from 1 glucose

17. Two Types of Energy-Yielding Metabolism aerobic (or respiration) –utilization or consumption of O 2 to make pathways go forward anaerobic (or fermentation) –final electron acceptor is not O 2

18. Fate of Pyruvate

19. Formation of Ethanol

20. Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

21. Reactions Catalyzed by Thiamine 1)  -keto acids decarboxylation

22. Reactions Catalyzed by Thiamine 2)  -condensation reactions pyruvate α-acetolactate

23. Formation of Ethanol

24. Nicotinamide

25. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide