1. Which class of point mutation will almost always result in a severely mutated amino acid sequence that is functionally inadequate? A. frameshift B. missense C. neutral D. silent E. transition REEF Question

2. A normal 90 bp length of DNA gives rise to a 30 amino acid polypeptide after transcription and translation. An A  G mutation occurs in the DNA and the same length of DNA. It now gives rise to a 19 amino acid polypeptide. Which of the following is a viable explanation of the mutation’s impact A. It was a missense mutation. B. The mutation changed a normal codon into a premature stop codon. C. It was a silent mutation. D. The mutation altered the ribosome. E. The mutation changed a splice site, removing an intron from the sequence. REEF Question

3. A patient has a mutation in his mismatch repair system. Experiments indicate that damage to the DNA is simply not recognized by the system. Which gene in the mismatch repair system is likely damaged? – A. photolyase – B. translesion synthase – C. MutS homolog – D. MutL homolog – E. exonuclease

4. REEF Question Regions with thymine dimers are more likely to have mutations because: – A. repairs are impossible. – B. translesion polymerases cannot proofread. – C. translesion polymerases only insert guanines. – D. in a world where Justin Beiber exists, we have to expect bad things. – E. MutH cannot cut the proper strand.

5. REEF Question Glycosylase and AP endonuclease: – A. are both involved in base excision repair. – B. work together to remove entire modified nucleotides – C. are both involved in nucleotide excision repair – D. A & B – E. B & C

6. REEF Question Which chromosomal abnormality will result in meiotic synapsis that looks like this? – A. partial chromosome deletion – B. paracentric inversion – C. pericentric inversion – D. reciprocal translocation

7. REEF Question An acentric chromosome fragment is produced during recombination between a _____ and normal homolog. – A. partial chromosome deletion – B. paracentric inversion – C. pericentric inversion – D. reciprocal translocation

8. REEF Question Which of the following conditions will result in the greatest levels of transcription of the lac operon? – A. lactose present, cAMP and glucose absent – B. lactose and cAMP present, glucose absent – C. lactose and glucose present, cAMP absent – D. lactose, glucose and cAMP present

9. REEF Question Mutations in the sequences of the 3-4 hairpin region of the trp operon cause it to not form a secondary structure. What will be the most obvious impact? – A. constitutive expression of the trp operon products – B. no expression of the trp operon products – C. the activator will be permanently bound – D. lactose will be metabolized