1. PROBLEMS CH 15

2. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 2 Learning Check Identify each as aldo- or keto- and as tetrose, pentose, or hexose. A. B.

3. Solution Identify each as aldo- or keto- and as tetrose, pentose or hexose. A. B. aldohexose ketopentose

4. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 4 Learning Check Identify each as the D or L isomer. A.B. C. __-Ribose __-Threose __-Fructose

5. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 5 Solution Identify each as the D or L isomer. A.B. C. __-Ribose __-Threose __-Fructose LLD

6. Learning Check Draw the Fischer projection of D -fructose.

7. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 7 Solution Draw the Fischer projection of D -fructose.

8. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 8 Learning Check Draw the Haworth structure of  - D -galactose.

9. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 9 Solution Step 1 Turn the open-chain Fischer projection clockwise by 90 .

10. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 10 Step 2 Fold the horizontal carbon chain into a hexagon and bond the O on carbon 5 to the carbonyl group to form the hemiacetal. Solution

11. Step 3 Complete the Haworth structure by drawing the – OH group on carbon 1 below the ring to give the α anomer, or above the ring to give the β anomer.

12. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 12 Learning Check Write the products of the oxidation and reduction of D -Mannose. D -Mannose

13. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 13 Solution Write the products of the oxidation and reduction of D -Mannose. D -Mannitol D -Mannose D -Mannonic acid

14. Learning Check Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following. 1. lactose A.  - D -glucose B.  - D -fructose C.  - D -galactose 2. maltose A.  - D -glucose B.  -D-fructose C.  - D -galactose 3. sucrose A.  - D -glucose B.  - D -fructoseC.  - D -galactose

15. Solution Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following. 1. lactose A.  - D -glucose C.  - D -galactose 2. maltose A.  - D -glucose 3. sucrose A.  - D -glucose B.  - D -fructose

16. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 15, Section 1 16 Identify the polysaccharides and types of glycosidic bonds in each of the following. A. B. Learning Check

17. Solution Identify the polysaccharides and types of glycosidic bonds in each of the following. A.Cellulose  -1,4-glycosidic bonds B. Amylose  -1,4-glycosidic bonds Amylopectin  -1,4- and  -1,6-glycosidic bonds