1. The New Deal

2. 2 The “Old Deal” What? President Hoover’s reaction to the Great Depression President Herbert Hoover

3. 3 The “Old Deal” What did he want to do? Refused to create government programs until it was too late Let the business cycle take care of things Children in one of the Bonus Army Camps

4. 4 The Bonus Army 1932 25,000 WWI veterans Who? Marched to Washington D.C. to get a $ bonus they were supposed to get in 1945 What?

5. 5 The Bonus Army 1932 Called out the troops and dispersed the army What did Hoover do?

6. 6 The Election of 1932 Roosevelt offers a “New Deal” for America Roosevelt wins with 60% of the vote What?

7. 7 The Election of 1932

8. 8 Thinking slide: Was Hoover a bad president or was he in the wrong place at the wrong time?

9. 9 Roosevelt’s New Deal What? Programs meant to help the country by getting the government involved in the economy 1. Relief - help people out in the short term 2. Recovery - get the economy back on its feet 3. Reform - keep this from ever happening again Meant to do 3 things

10. 10 Bank Holiday - First Step Why? Many banks had failed, wiping out families’ savings People lost confidence in the banks Fireside chats insured Americans that FDR was on the job; they liked hearing the president’s voice and reassurance Depositors Congregate Outside Closed Bank

11. 11 Executive Order 6102 What? Required all Americans to turn over any gold they owned over to the Department of the Treasury. Exceptions included particular industries that used gold, like dentists who filled teeth with gold fillings, and allowed individuals to keep up to $100 worth of gold coins.

12. 12 Executive Order 6102 Why and How? The “national emergency” was a result of greedy people running to “hoard” gold from the banks. All banks would have to turn over depositors’ gold to the government.

13. 13 Executive Order 6102 Why and How? If any person was found hoarding gold or refused to turn their gold over to the government, they would serve 10 years in prison and pay a fine up to $10,000 ($170,000 in 2009). American banking system was at risk and the gold reserves would run dry if Americans lost faith in the dollar; FDR needed to make it impossible for people to “bank run” the treasury. (But then what is the gold standard for?)

14. 14 Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” In the first 100 days of his administration Roosevelt passes tons of legislation Hundred Days The agencies he creates (like AAA, CCC, TVA, FDIC) Alphabet Soup

15. 15 Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” Insurance for the $ you put in banks FDIC - Federal Depositors Insurance Corp. Protected people’s savings Bank Employee Checks Depositor's Account

16. 16 Next Step - “Alphabet Soup” Pensions for the retired funded by taxes SSA – Social Security Act Bank Employee Checks Depositor's Account

17. 17 His Greatest Mistake Packing the Supreme Court What? Why? Increase the # of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 15 Kept declaring his programs unconstitutional (including NRA, AAA, SEC, etc.)

18. 18 His Greatest Mistake Packing the Supreme Court Results? Public grew angry (FDR taking too much power) FDR passed much less legislation after this Supreme Court Exterior

19. 19 A Political Partnership Franklin Roosevelt Appealing blend of cheerfulness, optimism, and confidence An effective communicator (ex. fireside chats) A reform-minded Democrat Believed the government could solve economic and social problems Eleanor Roosevelt “Eyes and ears” of her husband Directed efforts to solve several major social issues (ex. lynching of African Americans) Wrote her own newspaper column Had the trust and affection of many Americans

20. 20 The New Deal - Pros and Cons Pros Restored optimism and hope to Americans Cons Did not really fix the depression Left the nation with much debt Provided necessary relief to many Left people too dependent on government (?)

21. 21 Questions: Why was FDR's administration labeled the "New Deal?" What were its three goals? What sort of relationship did President Roosevelt develop with the press and the public? What role did the radio play in Depression-era America? What role did Mrs. Roosevelt play in her husband's administration? Why did FDR engage in a series of "Fireside Chats" with the American people?