1. The Presidency

2. Overview Qualifications & Demographics Presidential Roles Organization of the Executive Branch Presidential Power

3. Qualifications Article II, Section 1: –Natural Born Citizen –35 years old –14 year resident of U.S.

4. Demographics Gender

5. Demographics Race

6. Presidential Roles Chief of State

7. Presidential Roles Commander in Chief

8. Presidential Roles Chief Executive –oversee federal bureaucracy –administer and execute the law

9. Presidential Roles Chief Diplomat –negotiate and sign treaties –appoint diplomats –receive foreign officials –negotiate and sign executive agreements

10. Presidential Roles Chief Legislator –recommend legislation to Congress –set legislative agenda –veto power

11. Presidential Roles Chief of Party

12. Checks on the President Commander in Chief Congress declares war Congress controls budget War Powers Act (1973) –48 hour alert to Congress –troops stay for 60 days pending Congressional approval –With no approval, troops must be withdrawn

13. Checks on the President Chief Executive –Senate must approve presidential appointments –Civil Service protection for most appointees –Congress controls the budget

14. Checks on the President Chief Diplomat –Senate confirmation of ambassadors –Senate confirmation of treaties Chief Legislator –President does not have seat in Congress –Congress can override veto

15. Checks on the President Party Chief –term limit and “lame duck” status –loose organization of American parties makes it difficult to “lead”

17. 15 Departments

18. e.g., WHO, CEA, NSC, OMB

19. e.g., CIA, EPA, NASA, NRC, Peace Corps

20. Presidential Powers Executive Orders –Bush Administration EOs by subjectby subject –EO by disposition (Johnson to G.W. Bush)by disposition Executive Privilege –ability to withhold information from Congress or to refuse to recognize Congressional subpoena

21. Presidential Power Veto Power –threat to use and actual use can shape legislation Access to Media –use of mass media allows president to reach public in a way that no other institution or politician in government can

22. Presidential Power Persuasion –Bargain with members of Congress and bureaucracy –Success depends on variety of factors, including: personal communication skills partisan divide in Congress public approval ratings